The Renaissance

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The Renaissance

• 1485-1660

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The Renaissance

• Beginning in the late 1400s, the English
  Renaissance marked changes in peoples values,
  beliefs, and behaviors.
• The word renaissance means re-birth. It
  refers particularly to renewed interest in
  classical learning Greek language, reading, art.
  There was also a renewal of the human spirit
  curiosity and creativity. Today we still use the
  term Renaissance person for an energetic and
  productive human being who is interested in
  science, literature, history, art, and other
  academic subjects.

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Italy

• Italy
• A. The Renaissance began in Italy in the 14th
  Century and lasted until the 16th Century
• B. Most people were wealthy from banking and
  trading with the East
• C. Important people
• 1. Leonardo da Vinci artist
• 2. Michelangelo artist
• 3. Christopher Columbus explorer
• 4. Galileo - scientist

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Italy

• D. Religion
• 1. Catholic
• 2. Catholic church was rich and powerful, even
  in political affairs
• 3. Many popes were lavish patrons of artists,
  architects, and scholars.
• 4. Pope Julius II hired Michelangelo to
  paint scenes from the Bible on the ceiling of
  the Sistine Chapel the creation, the fall, the
  flood, etc.

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Humanism

• II. Humanism An intellectual movement dealing
  with academics.
• A. The people continue reading and found answers
  to age old questions through Latin, Greek, and
  Christianity.
• B. They tried to harmonize the Bible and the
  classics.
• C. The Humanists learned the aim of life was to
  attain virtue, not success, money, or fame.

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Humanist

• D. Desiderius Erasmus Dutch monk who lived
  outside the monastery and loved to travel. He
  taught Greek at Cambridge, where he met Thomas
  More.
• E. Thomas More Wrote Latin poems, pamphlets,
  biographies, and Utopia. He held many important
  offices, and was knighted as Lord Chancellor, one
  of the kings prime ministers.
• Both these men helped shape European thought
  and history.

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Technology

• IV. The printing press
• A. Transformed the way information was
  exchanged Johannes Gutenberg
• B. Few books had been available because they had
  previously been written by hand
• C. Latin Bible printed in 1455
• D. By 1500 inexpensive books were available
  throughout western Europe

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Reformation

• V. The Church
• A. People rejected the authority of the pope
  and the Italian churchmen
• B. By the 1530s, an open break from the church
  could not be avoided
• C. Patriotism and national identity made the
  English people resent the financial burdens
  imposed on them by the Vatican, pope.

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Reformation

• D. New religious ideas were coming into England
  from the continent, especially Germany
• 1. Martin Luther had founded a new kind of
  Christianity
• 2. It was not founded on what the pope
  said, but what the Bible said

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King Versus Pope

• VI. King and the Pope dont agree
• A. Henry VIII wanted to get rid of his wife of
  24 years, but divorce was not allowed
• B. Henry tried to persuade Clement VII to agree
  because Catherine of Aragon had been married to
  his brother Arthur, which had been against the
  law in the first place

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King Versus Pope

• C. Henry had two reasons for wanting a divorce
• 1. Catherine was too old to have children
  and had only had a girl
• 2. He was in love with Anne Boleyn, Henrys
  favorite Henry had earlier seduced her
  sister
• D. The pope could not grant the divorce because
  he was controlled by Catherines nephew, the
  emperor of Spain

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King Versus Pope

• E. Upon the refusal of the pope, Henry VIII
  simply declared himself head of the church in
  1533
• F. He appointed a new archbishop of Canterbury
  who gratefully declared his marriage invalid,
  although Catherine would not agree
• G. Henry closed all of Englands monasteries and
  sold the building and land

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King Versus Pope

• H. Sir Thomas More, now Lord Chancellor of
  England, could not agree with his friend, Henry,
  being head of the church. So, Henry had him
  beheaded
• I. This began Protestantism in England and the
  beginning of the Protestant Reformation

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Englands Lineage

• The Tudor lineage
• A. Henry VII (1457-1509) He was a shrewd,
  patient, and stingy man who restored peace and
  order to the kingdom
• B. Henry VIII (1509-1547) He was ruthless. He
  had six wives, to all of whom he was unfaithful.
  Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard were beaheaded
  for suspicion of infidelity. He did, however,
  create the Royal Navy.

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Englands Lineage

• C. Henry had three children
• 1. Mary, daughter of Catherine of Aragon
• 2. Elizabeth, daughter of Anne Boleyn
• 3. Edward, son of Jane Seymour
• D. Edward became king at age nine. He died of
  tuberculosis.
• E. Mary took over after Edwards death. She was
  determined to get revenge for her mothers death,
  so she restored the popes power and hunted down
  Protestants. She burned 300 of her subjects at
  the stake, which earned her the name Bloody
  Mary.

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Elizabeth
Bloody Mary
Edward
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Englands Lineage

• F. Elizabeth came to power in 1558. She
  reestablished the Church of England and took
  power away from the pope. Elizabeth became known
  as the virgin queen after rejecting every
  marriage proposal throughout her life. Her
  intelligence and independence made her reign one
  of the most successful in English history.

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Historical Turning Point

1. King Phillip of Spain, Marys widower, invaded
   England
2. In 1588, the English Royal Navy defeated the
   Spanish Armada.
3. This victory assured England's independence.

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Decline of the Renaissance

1. James VI of Scotland, son of Elizabeths cousin
   Mary, became ruler after Elizabeths death.
2. James wrote books in favor of the divine right of
   kings, against tobacco, he patronized
   Shakespeare, sponsored a new translation of the
   Bible, and a peaceful ruler.

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Decline of the Renaissance

• C. Charles I, his son, was beheaded by his
  subjects.
• D. For 11 years England was ruled by Parliament.
• E. The last great write of the period was John
  Milton.
• F. By this time, political and secular values
  were beginning to challenge religious doctrines.

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Shakespeares Theater
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The Birth of the English Playhouse

• In 1558, there were no playhouses in England.
• The Puritan city council disagreed with the
  play-acting, claiming it was an act of
  idolatry.
• In 1574, acting was banned from London.

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• The actors bought land nearby and created their
  own acting company, building a playhouse.

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The Globe

• Built in 1599, the Globe theater was home to
  Shakespeare it was the re-birth of theater.
• Henry V was the first play to be performed at
  the theater.

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• Scholars believe that the Globe was a circular
  structure, formed by three tiered, thatch roof
  galleries that served as seating for the audience.

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Lords and Groundlings

• Plays were usually performed in the afternoon
  before a diverse audience of about two thousand.
• Galleries Members of the nobility and upper
  class.
• Groundlings, lower class, could stand and watch
  from the courtyard for only a penny.

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• Groundlings did not hesitate to shout comments to
  the actors on stage, good or bad.
• Vendors sold snacks throughout the play as well.

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Theatrical Conventions

• Most of Shakespeares characters speak in blank
  verse, unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter.
• Each line is divided into feet, with the stress
  falling on every second syllable.

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• Acting was seen as to indelicate for women, so
  female roles were played by boys.
• Costumes were colorful and elaborate versions of
  regular Elizabethan dress.

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• Scenery was nonexistent.
• The beginning of the play was announced by a
  blaring trumpet, and the start of a new scene was
  signaled by the entrance of the appropriate
  character.

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• Scholars estimate that a typical performance of
  Shakespeare's lasted only about two hours.

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The Globes Comeback

• The original Globe Theater was destroyed in 1613,
  when a cannon set off to mark the entrance of the
  king during a performance of Henry VIII
  accidentally set the thatched roof on fire.

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• 1614, the Globe was rebuilt and stood until 1644
  when it was torn down to clear land for new
  housing.
• A replica of the theater stands on the bank of
  the Thames River it opened in 1997, its first
  production Henry V.

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Project Due November 25

• Create the Globe theater in 3-D
• Popsicle sticks
• Wood
• Paper Mache
• Must include
• People (toy figures, created figures, etc.)
• Curtains and stage
• Tiers and thatched roof on part
• Exact replica (use notes and research)