The Progressive Movement

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The Progressive Movement

• Big Idea
• The Progressive Era (1900-1920) was a period of
  great reform movements including
• Political reforms at the local, state, and
  federal levels
• Social Welfare reforms
• Economic reforms, and the beginning of business
  regulation

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The Progressive Movement

• Who-
• Middle-Upper Class Reformers
• What they wanted-
• Progress/Change-deal w/problems caused by
  industrialization
• When-
• 1880s-1920s
• Muckrakers-
• Journalists who exposed problems

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The Progressive MovementConsumer Protection
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Upton Sinclairs work led to the passage of the
Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act
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Jacob Riis Journalist/Photographer
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Helping the Poor

• Settlement Houses helped immigrants and poor
  w/education
• Jane Addams established one of these in Chicago
  called Hull House

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Helping the Poor
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Thomas NastPolitical Cartoonist who exposed
political corruption
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Populists Influence Progressives

• After the Civil War in 1865, Farmers in the West
  struggled greatly to make profits and pay off
  their debts
• Farmers struggled because of a drop in price of
  farm products
• Deflating money supply (less amount of money
  in circulation) with the governments acceptance
  of the Gold Standard
• Industrialization created new technology that
  increased farm production and increased
  competition from around the World

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Populist Party Demands

• Free Coinage of Silver Inflate the money
  supply in order to inflate Farm product prices
• Wanted Government Regulation of the monopolistic
  railroad companies Railroads were charging very
  high rates to transport farmers goods
• Called for Progressive Income Tax and an 8 Hour
  workday to get support from urban workers

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Government Begins to Regulate Big
BusinessStandard Oil Trust depicted as an
aggressive octopus grabbing everything it can
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Government Begins to RegulateBig Business

• Sherman Anti-Trust Act/Clayton Anti-Trust Act-
• Attempted to regulate/control monopolies/trusts
• Interstate Commerce Commission-
• Government regulate/control shipping of goods
• Federal Trade Commission-
• Stops unfair business practices

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Government Begins to RegulateBig Business

• Federal Reserve Banking System The Fed-
• Controls amount of banks can loan and
  interest rates on loans.
• The Fed will lower interest rates to get people
  to take out loans-mainly on homes.
• Meant to stimulate the economy.

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Progressive Presidents

• Teddy Roosevelt(1901-1909) becomes the first
  progressive president.
• His domestic policies were called the Square Deal
  - all citizens should be treated fairly by
  government and business. (consumer protection!)

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Progressive Presidents

• TR wanted monopolies controlled.
• Became known as the Trustbuster

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Progressive Presidents

• TR was a conservationist-today we would say
  environmentalist
• He began the National Parks Service

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Progressive Presidents

• TR began the Progressive/Bull Moose Party for the
  1912 Presidential Election
• He ran against his successor-William Howard Taft
  and the eventual winner Woodrow Wilson

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Progressive Presidents

• William Howard Taft-(1909-1913) would actually
  break up more trusts than Roosevelt but never got
  the credit.
• One of these was the Standard Oil
  Company-Rockefellers

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Progressive Presidents

• Woodrow Wilson 1913-1921

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16th Amendment (1913)Progressive Federal Income
TaxThe More you make the more you pay
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More Participation in Government

• 17th Amendment (1913) - Citizens directly vote
  for US Senators-originally voted by State
  Legislature
• Referendum-citizens vote on laws
• Initiative-citizens propose laws
• Secret Ballot- less intimidation
• Robert LaFollette - Progressive
• Wisconsin Governor

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18th Amendment (1919) Prohibition of Alcohol

• 1920

• 1933

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19th Amendment - (1920)Womens Suffrage

• Carrie Chapman

• Alice Paul

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Womens RightsMargaret Sanger

• Planned Parenthood

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African American Rights1896 - Plessy v. Ferguson
Separate But Equal is legal

• Booker T. Washington

• W.E.B. DuBois

• Learn a skill/vocation, make money-Tuskegee
  Institute

• Fight for civil rights through Political means,
  one of founders of NAACP-1903

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Key Terms and People

• Populism, William Jennings Bryan, Inflation, Free
  Coinage of Silver, Boss Tweed, Tammany Hall,
  Thomas Nast, Jacob Riis, Upton Sinclair, Jane
  Addams, Muckrakers, Meat Inspection Act, Pure
  Food and Drug Act, Sherman/Clayton Anti-Trust
  Act, FTC, ICC, The Federal Reserve System,
  Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson, Lafollete, Carrie
  Chapman Catt, Alice Paul, Settlement Houses,
  suffrage, Graduated Income Tax, Square Deal,
  Temperance Movement, Prohibition, Plessy vs.
  Ferguson, Conservationism, WEB Dubois, Booker T.
  Washington, NAACP