Unit Five

1
Unit Five The World Famous Three Gorges Project
2
The World Famous Three Gorges Project
The Grand Three Gorges Project
The First Dam Across the Yangtze
---The Gezhouba Dam
The Peak Crock
3
Even in 1919, Dr. Sun Zhongshan advocated
the development of the Three Gorges By damming
up the river , so that boats could go upstream
and rich hydroelectric power could be developed
as well . On April 3 , 1992 , the 7th session of
the Chinese National Peoples Congress approved
the proposal to build the Yangtze River Three
Gorges Project that has brought about the
construction of the Three Gorges Dam .
4
The whole construction of the project is done
according to the plan of the first class
development , complete construction reserving by
steps and continuous emigrants (??). The total
time limits for the project cost 17 years
including three phases. The total investment is
estimated to be 203.9 billion RMB yuan . At last
, the reservoir will submerge about 28.753
hectares arable lands and force 1.1318 million
people to migrate.
5
With it overall completion , the front water line
will be 2,345 meters long , general reservoir
level will be 175m high and it has integrate
benefits such as flood control , generating ,
transporting , touring ,etc. We are developing
tourism while the project is in progress . The
huge site , various advanced facilities ,and
beautiful and nice surroundings have absorbed a
large number of visitors from home and abroad who
are concerned about the building of the project .
6
The Three Gorges Project was once a dream of
Chinese for 100 years . But now , when the dream
realized , the old beautiful homeland where we
ever lived became a bygone dream . The things in
the world cannot satisfy both sides . But facing
the smooth lake rising in the high mountains , we
have a joyful and gratified sense in our complex
emotions . With less peculiar and elegant
beauty . The Three Gorges is now more immense .
7
It is more important that the construction of the
Three Gorges Project brought these new towns
spreading all over the reservoir areas and
modernized the life of the people in the Three
Gorges at least half a century ahead of time .
8
Translation
??????????? ??1919?,??????????????????????,
????????,????????1992?4?3?,????????????????????
???????????,?????????????????????
??????????,????,????,???????,?????17?,???????,??
????2039?????,?????????43.13??,?????113.18???
9
?????,???????2345?,???????175?,???????????????????
???????,?????,????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????? ?????????????????,??,
???????????,??????????????????????????????,????,??
????????????,?????????,?????????????????????????,?
?????????????????,????????????,???????????????????
???,??????????????????????????
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Passage 1

The Grand Three Gorges Project
11
The Three Gorges Project , with its full
name the Three Gorges Water Control Project on
the Yangtze River , lying at the Sandouping Town
of Yichang City situated at the medium part of
Xilingxia Gorge ( one of the Three Gorges ) is
the most enormous one under development around
the world . It is 38.6 kilomters far away from
the Yichang City proper and established Gezhouba
Dam and 644 km voyage to the upstream city
Chongqing . The whole project includes a gravity
type dam , water release gates , a hindsided
power plant , permanent ship locks and a ship
lift .
12
A dam of 2,035 meters long , 185 meters high and
175 meters general reservation , power plants and
shipping facilities constitute this project . The
plant of 1.82 million KW total installed capacity
is made up 26 generators 14 on the left ,12 on
the right of 700,000 KW single-machine capacity ,
which altogether can produce electric energy of
84.7 billion kwh a year . The shipping facilities
situated on the left bank are constructed of
double 5-step ship locks , by which a
10,000-vessel can transit .
13
And single 1-step upright ship lift can quickly
transport a 1,000-ton passenger liner and its
unilateral annual transport ability is 50 million
tons . The dynamic total investment is 203.9
billion RMB yuan and time limit for the project
is 17 years . In 1993 it was officially started
and by 2009 it will be completely ended . There
are three periods in plan . First a 5-year (
1992---1997 ) was contributed to preparation and
was well done till the closure day of Nov. 8 ,
1997 . During that time the views were well
protected .
14
And second a 6-year ( 1998---2003 ) is mainly for
the construction of plant on the left dam,
installation for generators and building of water
release gates and permanent ship locks . In June
2003, water level rose to the 135 mters line,
backwater reached Wanzhou City, the Zhangfei
Temple was submerged and the surface of the Three
Gorges became quiet but not rapid and dangerous.
And last a 6-year (2003---2009) will be aimed for
construction of plant on the right dam and the
rest installation of generators .
15
By 2006 water level will rise to 156m line and
finally to the 175m line in 2012 , meaning that
water level will rise 110m in all . Then the
backwater will reach Chongqing and the splendid
sight Among great gorges appears a smooth lake
will come true . The Three Gorges Project is a
huge comprehensive water conservancy project with
profound influence . It will produce many
advantages like flood control , power generating
and better shipping conditions .
16
It also can supply more water during the dry
seasons for the middle and lower reaches of the
Yangtze River . It will also provide water for
the south-to-north-water-transfer project , which
will ease the water problems in northern China .
There are many other advantages such as
irrigation, tourism, aquatic products and
economic development in the reservoir area .
The Three Gorges Project is very important for
Chinese social and economic development .
Contribution belongs to present age, benefits
will last forever !
17
Notes
1.???????????????,?????????,?????????,?
???1700????,??????????????,??????,????????????????
??????????,??????????????,??????????????????????
??,???????????(????,????,????)???,???????????
?????????,?????????????????????????????????????
?????????????,???????????,??????????????????????,?
??????????,?????????
18
2.to make up constitute compose ????
eg. Six women and nineteen men make up the
committee . This make up 12 of their totel
income . to contribute to help to bring
about ??????? eg. These measures contributed
greatly to improve our English study . His
carelessness contributed to the accident
19
New Words situated a. ??,
contribute v. ??, ?? voyage n. ??, ??
vi. ??, ?? closure vt. ???
gravity n. ????, ?? protect vt. ??
release n. ??, ?? installation
n. ??, ??, ?? facility n. ??, ?? rapid
a. ???,???install vt. ??, ?? conservancy n.
(?????)??,??
20
capacity n. ??,??, ?? profound adj.
??,?? generators n. ???, ??? influence
n. ??, ?? vessel n. ?, ??, ??
advantage n. ??, ?? transit vt. ??, ??
ease vt. ???, ??? unilateral a.
???, ??? irrigation n. ??, ?? dynamic
a. ??? aquatic a. ??, ???
officially ad. ???, ?? kWh . ?,??/??
KW kilowatt ???
21
Exercises
I. Answer the questions 1. What proposal about
the river did Su Zhongshan put forward ? 2. Where
is the Three Gorges Project ? 3. How many
fcilities does the Three Gorges Project have and
what are they ? 4. When did the first-stage works
of the project complete ? 5. What are the main
functions of the Three Gorges Project ?
Key
Key
22
II. Decide the statements true or false 1. Only
a 5-step ship lock can transport a 1,000 vessel .
( ) 2. The limited time for the Three Gorges
Project is seventeen years . ( ) 3. By 2006
water level will rise from 135 meters to 156
meters . ( ) 4. During the first phase of the
project , the splendid views in the Three Gorges
were all submerged except Zhangfei Temple . (
) 5. The Three Gorges became calm and smooth when
the second phase ended in 2003 . ( )
Key
23
III. Multiple choices 1. The Three Gorges
Project is one around the world . A.
the greatest B. much bigger than
C. biggest D.
immense 2. The Three Gorges Project will
the water problems in northern China . A.
relieve B. release C. relax
D. decrease 3. During the first phase of the
construction of the Three Gorges Project the
views were well . A. keep B.
preserved C. conserved D. hold
Key
24
4. The Three Gorges became quiet but not
and dangerous when the water level rose to 135
meters in 2003 . A. express
B. quick C. steep
D. fastly 5. The Three Gorges Project
will produce many like flood control ,
power generating and better shipping conditions
. A. profit B.
interest C. behalf
D. good things
Key
25
Translation
??????? ?????????????????,????????????????????
????,??????????????????,??????????????????????38.6
??,????????????????664????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????2,035?,??185?,?????175?
????????14?,????12?,???26?,?????70???,??????1820??
?,?????847?????
26
????????????????,???????????????????????????,????
???5000??????????2,039??????17?,1993?????,2009????
?,??????????(1993---1997),???????,??1997?11??????
??????,?????????????????(1998---2003)?????????????
????????,???????????2003?6?,?????135?,?????????,??
????,???????????????,?????
27
??????(2003---2009),??????????????,???????????,200
6??????156?,2012?,????????????175?,??????110?,????
???,???????????????????????,????,????????????,??
??????????,??????????????,??????????,????????,????
???????,?????????????????????
???????,???????????????????????????,???? ?
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Passage 2
The First Dam Across the Yangtze
---The Gezhouba Dam
29
Gezhouba Project is the first project across
the Yangtze River , also the first hydropower
project completely researched , designed and
built by Chinese ourselves . It is the
experimental project for the Three Gorges Project
. The dam site is located 2.3 kilometers
downstream from Nanjin Pass , the lower end of
the Three Gorges and about 38 kilometers from the
proposed Three Gorges Project in its upstream.
After rushing out of Nanjin Pass , the Yangtze
River suddenly becomes open and wide . Its width
extends from 300 to 2,200 meters .
30
The river was separated into three currents by
two islands , Gezhouba and Xiba . The hydropower
project was named for being built here . On
the north bank , the Gezhouba Dam reaches the
Zhenjing Hill , while on the south bank , it
touches the Shizibao . The total 2,606.5 meters
long and 70 high dam completely cuts the Yangtze
River . Covering about 9 square kilometers , the
project consists mainly of two power stations ,
three ship locks , a spillway, two silt-scouring
sluices, silt-prevention dykes , and a water
retaining concrete dam .
31
The 27bay spillway discharges 110 thousand cubic
meters flood per second . All 21 generators with
generation capacity about 2.715 million KW can
generate 15.7 billion kWh electricity annually .
32
The electricity is transported to
Shanghai, Henan , Hunan , Wuhan and other big
cities . There are three single-step locks, of
which, two can allow the passage of 10,000-ton
jumbo ships , the total annual single-way
transportation capacity of the ship is over 50
million tons . The construction of the
dam began on December 30 , 1970 , and ended on
December 10 , 1998. The first-stage works started
to reserve water in May 1981. It was completed on
December 20, 1998 .
33
The total investment of the project cost 4.8
billion RMB. The whole project was designed by
the Yangtze Valley Planning Office, and
constructed by the Yangtze Gezhouba Construction
Bureau . The reservoir in the upstream contains
1.58 billion cubic meters water in an area of 100
square kilometers . In the historical heaviest
floods happened in 1981 and 1998 , the dam stayed
as solid as a rock .
34
Apart from economic benefit , the Gezhouba
project is a boon to tourism . With its overall
completion , a number of gardens appeared along
this section of the river together with
tree-shaded roads at the sites of the three
channels . Chinese and foreign travelers visiting
the Three Gorges will be tempted to include
Gezhouba Project in their itinerary . They will
find this man-made wonder a feast to the eye and
the imagination , a monument to human ingenuity
in taming Chinas longest river .
35
1. ????????????????????????,???????????????
??,????,??????,??????300??????????????????????
?,???,????,????,?????,???,??????????,????,???????
????????,??????????????????????????,?????200
0????? 2. ??????????????,??????????????????????
????????????????????????,????????????????43??????,
???????????????????????????
Notes
36
New Words experimental adj.???, ?????
sluice n. ??, ?? vt.????, ??, ?? current
n. ??, ??, ?? dyke n. (dike) ?, ?,?
ship lock ?? concrete
n. ??? spillway n. ???, ??? discharge
vt. ??, ?? silt n. ??, ??, ??
jumbo a. ? ??? scouring vi. ?, ?, ??
bureau n. ??, ???
37
Exercises

• Answer the questions
• By whom was the Gezhouba Project designed and
  constructed ?
• 2. Why was the project named Gezhouba Dam ?
• 3. Where has the electricity generated by the
  Gezhouba Project been carried to ?
• 4. How many sets of turbo generators altogether
  are there in the two power stations ?

Key
Key
38
II. Decide the statements true or false 1.
Building a dam across the main section of a river
which is wide , deep and has an enormous flood is
something unheard-of before . ( ) 2. The
designing and construction of the dam and the
installation of the equipment were all undertaken
by Chinese personnel . ( ) 3. Apart from
economic benefit , the Gezhouba Project is a boon
to tourism . ( ) 4. The Gezhouba Project has
accumulated experience for the Three Gorges
Project . ( ) 5. The Gezhouba Project has stood
up the tests of the heaviest floods happened in
1981 and 1998 . ( )
Key
39
Translation
??????? ????????????????,?????????????????
???????,?????????? ???????????----??????,????
????2.3??,????????38?????????????,??????,?????????
2,200??,????????????????????,?????????????????

40
?????????,???????,????,??2606.5?,?70?,??????9?
???,?????????????????????????????,??????????????27
????,?????11?????????????21?,?????271.5??? ,????
157????,??????????????????????????????,???????????
??,??????????????????? ??????????1970?12?30???
??,1981?5?????????,?1988?12?20?????,???????48?????
?
41
????????????????,???????????????????15.8????,????
??100????,???1981??1998???????????????,???????
????????????????????????,???????,????????????????
?,????????,???????????,???????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????,????????????????
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Passage 3
The Peak Crock
43
There is a hill named the Peak Crock( in
Chinese, it pronounces Tanziling ) in the work
area of the Three Gorges Project . It looks like
a pretty girl with the head on the ridge of the
hill and foot in the river , lying across the
shore of the Three Gorges . It is a place that
could not be found on a county-grade map several
years ago. Being the highest point between the
temporary ship lock and the permanent ship lock
on the north bank , the hill was preserved as the
permanent sight-viewing platform when the
construction started .
44
It is said that in the ancient times when King Da
Yu led people dredge the watercourse and fought
against the flood , he was too involved to enter
the door even when he passed his home three times
. With the help of the magic ox , he excavated
200-kilometer watercourse . People sent him 24
pigs and a big crock of wine by boat for giving
thanks to him . When the boat reached Sandouping
, they saw the magic ox went away by clouds ,
just leaving its image on the mountain (just the
place where is called Huangniuyan nowadays) .
45
Hastily , Da Yu went away to chase the ox , and
left a big rock for memory . People were so moved
by what happened that they keep the boat waiting
in the river . Then , the boat turned into an
island (just the island which is called
Zhongbaodao Island ). Twenty-four pigs on the
boat were thrown into the river to turn into 24
reefs . And , that big crock of wine was put on
the north bank by the river and turned into the
Peak Crock . So , it is said nowadays when it is
suny , the nice smell of the wine is spreading
here and there with the mild wind to make people
intoxicate .
46
There is a granite of about more than 20
tons shown on the Peak Crock. Commonly , we call
it the eternal riverbed rock. Actually , it is
over 800 million years old . It is the river
eroded the shape in long term . From the rock ,
people could get to know the very past of the
Yangtze . Standing in front of the rock , well
recall with deep emotion that time brings great
changes to the world. Now, we can see some bores
on the rock which were left by the geologists and
the hydropower specialists who first came to
explore the dam site .These bores gave voice to
the dreams of generations of Chinese .
47
The altitude of the Peak Crock is about
262.48 meters where it is the best place to have
the full sight for the view of the entire 15.28
square kilometers construction site. The total
area of Peak is about 100 thousand square meters,
including the Sight-viewing Platform, the Great
Basso-relievo, the Eternal Riverbed Rock, the
Hall of the Project Model, The Great Steel-iron
Book, etc. They comprehensively emerged the Three
Gorges culture of a distant source and a long
stream, expressed the distinct theme of human
idea to change floods into water conservancy, and
showing the determination of man, and to ensure
human merge nature.
48
Notes
???
??????????AAAA???,?????????????,????????????,
?1997??????????????????????????????,????????????
?????????????????????????????,????????????????????
??????????
49
New Words
temporary a. ???, ??? riverbed n. ??
dredge v. ??, ?? bore n. ?
watercourse n. ??, ?? geologist n.
???? involve vt. ???, ???
specialists n. ?? crock n. ??, ???
give voice to ?? image n. ??, ??,
?? eroded vt. ??, ??,
50
hastily adv. ???, ??? memory n. ??
basso-relievo n. (bas-relief) ??, ? emerge
vi. ??,???? distinct a. ???, ???
reef n. ??, ?? granite n. ???
eternal a. ??(?)? intoxicate
vt. ???, ?? theme n. ??, ??
determination n. ??, ??

51
Exercises I. Answer the questions 1. What does
the Peak Crock look like ? 2. Why was the Peak
Crock be kept for the permanent sight-viewing
platform ? 3. What was left when the magic ox
went away ? 4. What can people get to know from
the eternal riverbed rock ? 5. What the
eternal riverbed rock really is ?
Key
52
II. Decide the statement true or false 1. The
Peak Crock is on the right bank between the two
ship locks ? ( ) 2. King Da Yu was sent pigs
and wine because he didnt enter his home when he
passed three times . ( ) 3. The big crock of
wine was placed on the north bank and finally
turned into 24 reefs . ( ) 4. The Peak Crock is
the best place to view the whole Three Gorges
Project area . ( )
Key
53
5. The eternal riverbed rock looked like a crock
when it was dug out from the groundwork . (
) III. Multiple choices 1. The Peak Crock was
as the permanent sight-viewing platform . A.
reserved B. left for C. remained
D. kept 2. In the ancient times King Da Yu led
people____ watercourse to fight against
flood . A. make B. take C.
clean up mud D. dig
Key
Key
54
3. Da Yu went away to the ox and left a
big rock for memory . A. run B. run
after C. go after D. go ahead 4. The
nice smell of wine made people when it is
sunny with mild wind . A. happy B. enjoy
C. burst with joy D. excite greatly
beyond self-control 5. Standing in front of the
rock , well that time brings great
changes to the world . A. see B. find
C. remember D. plaint
Key
55
Translation
? ? ?
???????,????,????????,??????,????,????,??????
?????????????????????????????????,????????????????
????????,???????????????,??????????????
56
???????????????,???????????,???400???,????????
?,????24????????????.??????,?????????,???????????,
??????????,??????????.????????????,????????,??????
????---???.??????????,??24???,???????????,????????
???.??????,????,????,????,????.
57
Key (Unit 5)
Passage One I. 1. Sun Zhongshan proposed By
damming up the river , so that boats could go
upstream and rich hydroelectric power could be
developed as well . 2. Three Gorges Project ,
with its full name Three Gorges Water Control
Project on the Yangtze River , lies at the
Sandouping Town of Yichang City situated at the
medium part of Xilingxia Gorge . 3. There are
five They are a gravity type dam , water release
gates , a hindsided power plant , permanent ship
locks and a ship lift .
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58
???????????20???????,???????,???????8???????
,?????????????????????????????,??????????????,????
??????????,?????????????????????????,????????????
???????262.48?,?????????,?????,??15.28????????
??????????????10??????????????????????????????????
,??????????????,????????????????????
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59
4. It was complete in 1997 . 5. They are flood
control , power generating and better shipping
conditions . II. 1. F 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.T III.
1. A 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.A Passage 2 I. 1.
Gezhouba Project was completely researched ,
designed and built by Chinese ourselves . 2.
Because of the project was built on the island
named Gezhouba .
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3. All 21 generators with generation capacity
about 2.715 million KW is transported to Shanghai
, Henan , Hunan , Wuhan and other big cities . 4.
There are twenty one generators altogether in the
two power stations . II. 1.T 2.T 3.T 4.T 5.T
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61
Passage 3 I. 1. It looks like a pretty girl with
the head on the ridge of the hill and foot in the
river , lying across the shore of the Three
Gorges . 2. Because it is the highest point
between the temporary ship lock and the permanent
ship lock on the north bank . 3. The image of the
magic ox left on the mountain . 4. From the rock
, people could get to know the very past of the
Yangtze . 5. It really is the rock eroded by the
river in long term . II. 1. F 2.F 3.F 4.T
5. F III. 1. A 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.D
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? ? ?
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? ? ?
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?????????
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????? ? ? ?
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????????
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? ? ?
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?????
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???????
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????--???
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????
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??????
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Thank You
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