Project Management

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Project Management
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Projects

• Unique, one-time operations designed to
  accomplish a specific set of objectives in a
  limited time frame.

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Processes in an organization
Usual business processes
Projects
Changes Uncertainty
Routines regular tasks
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Main characteristics of projects

• Uniqe set of tasks and processes
• Narrow focus, specific performance objectives
• The end of the project is definite
• Limited time-frame
• Objectives reached or
• it is proven, that objectives cannot be reached
  anymore
• Budget is limited
• It can be planned
• It is always risky

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Project management

• Project management is the discipline of planning,
  organizing, and managing resources to bring about
  the successful completion of specific project
  goals and objectives.

• Project-like management managing non-project
  processes as projects

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Project Manager (Stevenson)

• Responsible for

Work (tasks) Quality Human Resources Time Comm
unications Costs
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Other roles in the project

• Project-coordinator negotiate with the
  functional leaders, report to the project manager
  
• Project champion strong person who promotes and
  supports the project
• Projectmanagement-team members
• Project-workers deliver the tasks

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Project Life Cycle (Stevenson)
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Project life cycle
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Cost of changing in the life cycle
Planning, preparation
Definintion
Implementation, execution
Closing the project
Costs
Influence of the stakeholders
Cost of changing
Time
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Project-management tools
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Problem tree diagram

• A problem tree is a problem analysis tool that
  illustrates the cause and effect relationship of
  problems using a hierarchical tree diagram.
• by arranging the problem statements in
  hierarchical order
• and depicting the problem statements in a boxed
  article.

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Problem-tree
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Fishbone (Ishikawa) diagram

• A Fishbone Diagram is a problem analysis tool
  that illustrates the cause and effect
  relationships of problems and is often use in the
  quality management discipline.

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Objective tree

• An objective tree is an objective formulation
  tool that depicts graphically the hierarchy of
  objectives. It is formulated by initially
  inverting the statements found in the problem
  tree (often used in tandem).

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Logical Framework Matrix
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Work Breakdown Structure

• a tool used to define and group a project's
  discrete work elements (or tasks) in a way that
  helps organize and define the total work scope of
  the project

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GANTT charts

• A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart that
  illustrates a project schedule.
• Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish
  dates of the terminal elements and summary
  elements of a project.
• Some Gantt charts also show the dependency
  relationships between activities.
• Gantt charts can be used to show current schedule
  status using percent-complete shadings, or
  colored lines and a vertical "TODAY" line.

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GANTT charts
ID Activities Who is responsible? Time intervals 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Time intervals 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Time intervals 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Time intervals 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Time intervals 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Time intervals 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Time intervals 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Time intervals 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
1.
2.
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4.
5.
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10.
11.
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GANTT charts
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GANTT charts
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GANTT charts
today
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The Network Diagram

• Network (precedence) diagram
• Activity-on-arrow (AOA)
• Activity-on-node (AON)
• Activities
• Events

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The Network Diagram

• Path
• Sequence of activities that leads from the
  starting node to the finishing node
• Critical path
• The longest path determines expected project
  duration
• Critical activities
• Activities on the critical path
• Slack
• Allowable slippage for path the difference the
  length of path and the length of critical path

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Project Network Activity on Arrow
AOA
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Project Network Activity on Node
AON
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Network Conventions
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Time Estimates

• Deterministic
• Time estimates that are fairly certain
• Probabilistic
• Estimates of times that allow for variation

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Deterministic time estimates
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Solution
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Probabilistic Time Estimates

• Optimistic time
• Time required under optimal conditions
• Pessimistic time
• Time required under worst conditions
• Most likely time
• Most probable length of time that will be required

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Sample a research-project

• Survey on students
• Task 1 literature overview
• Task 2 design questionaire
• Task 3 organize a student group (sample)
• Task 4 copying questionaires
• Task 5 filling in the questionaries
• Task 6 analyse data
• Task 7 writing up
• Task 8 prepare a presentation
• Task 9 holding the presentation

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AOA Network diagramWhat is its AON version?
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b
a
2
f
5
9
c
e
4
d
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Solution?