Selecting Plants for the Design

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Selecting Plants for the Design

• Chapter 7

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Plants Building Blocks of the Landscape

• The residential landscape is made of different
  elements. They are the plant materials and the
  physical structures.
• Physical structures in the landscape are
  patios, walls, fences,

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Plants Building Blocks of the Landscape

• Plant Types
• Trees
• Shrubs
• Groundcover
• Vines
• Annuals
• Perennials
• Ornamental Grasses

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Plants Building Blocks of the Landscape

• Trees
• can be defined as a single stem, woody,
  perennial plant reaching the height of 12 feet or
  more

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Plants Building Blocks of the Landscape

• Shrubs
• are multi-stem, woody plants that do not exceed
  20 feet in height. In general shrubs are
  usually as tall as they are wide. They may be
  deciduous or evergreen
• Some examples of shrubs are viburnums,
  honeysuckles, spireas, hollies, junipers and yews

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Plants Building Blocks of the Landscape

• Ground cover
• May be woody or herbaceous. It forms a mat less
  than 1 foot high covering the ground. Grasses is
  the most common plant used as a ground cover.
• Examples of other ground covers are English
  ivy, periwinkle (vinca) euonymus , and Japanese
  spurge

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Plants Building Blocks of the Landscape

• Vines
• are woody or herbaceous (soft stemmed) plants
  that require some type of support. They may
  climb on objects or creep along the ground.
• Some examples of vines are Boston ivy,
  wisteria, and clemtis

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Plants Building Blocks of the Landscape

• Annuals
• Are herbaceous plants that live for one growing
  season and are valued for the color of their
  flowers or ornamental foliage adds to the
  landscape.
• Common annuals are Impatiens, marigolds,
  petunias, coleus, and zinnias

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Plants Building Blocks of the Landscape

• Perennials
• is a plant that has a life cycle of more than
  two growing seasons. They may be called woody as
  with trees and shrubs or herbaceous.
• Some popular perennials are daylilies, peonies,
  lilies, and iris.

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Plants Building Blocks of the Landscape

• Ornamental Grasses
• Are valued for their texture and colors that add
  interest to the landscape. Ornamental grasses can
  be annuals or perennials. Some grow best in
  warm climates while others prefer cool climates

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Plants Building Blocks of the Landscape

• What is plant nomenclature?
• it is the naming of the plants. All plants have
  two types of names
• Common Name
• Botanical Name

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Plants Building Blocks of the Landscape

• What is the genius?
• it is closely related group of plants comprised
  of one or more species

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Plants Building Blocks of the Landscape

• What is a species?
• it is composed of plants that show
  characteristics that distinguish them from other
  groups in the genius

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Plants Building Blocks of the Landscape

• What is a variety
• Is a group of plants within a species that
  show a significant difference from other plants
  in the species.

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Plants Building Blocks of the Landscape

• What is a cultivars?
• a plant with a distinguishing characteristic
  from other plants in the species but does not
  transfer that characteristic to it off spring
  through sexual reproduction

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Selecting Plants

• Trees
• Are the largest and most permanent plant material
  used in landscaping
• Trees that are smaller and have a higher
  ornamental value are often called ornamental
  trees.
• Examples of ornamental trees are flowering
  dogwoods, flowering crabapples, redbud, and
  Japanese maple.

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Selecting Plants

• Trees
• Hardiness refers to the ability of a tree to
  withstand cold temperatures . Trees have
  differing abilities to survive in areas in the
  United States.

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Selecting Plants

• Trees
• choose resistant to disease and insect problems.
  If a tree has beautiful characteristics but is
  susceptible to insect infections and diseases,
  its value is reduced

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Selecting Plants

• Trees
• They may also have a common problem involving the
  pH of the soil . pH is a measure of acidity and
  alkalinity of the soil
• pH scale ranges from a extremely acid reading of
  1 to and extremely alkaline reading of 14 . A
  neutral reading is 7 . Most plants prefer a pH
  between 5.5 and 7.0

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Selecting Plants

• Shrubs
• Shrubs can have multiple functions in the
  landscape . The can be used as specimen plants,
  group plantings, hedges, screens, foundation
  plants, or shrub borders.
• Select shrubs on their intended use. Also
  consider their flowers, foliage, branching
  habits, and their suitability to the growing
  conditions

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Selecting Plants

• What is a Specimen Plant?
• it displays outstanding form, texture, and
  color. The plant can also stand alone

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Selecting Plants

• What is a group planting?
• consist of several different species of shrubs.
  They are considered a overlapping plant that
  will reach over plants to form a huge mass.

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Selecting Plants

• What is a Hedge?
• consist of all one type of shrub. The define
  space , they tie other landscapes elements
  together and they may screen views
• They can range from 20 feet to 1 foot high.
• They can be clipped for a formal appearance or
  unclipped for an informal natural look.

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Selecting Plants

• What is a Screen?
• is a solid mass of one type of shrub. It
  serves as a living wall that effectively blocks
  views.

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Selecting Plants

• What is a foundation plant?
• Are shrubs placed around the foundation of the
  house. They help tie the house to the landscape
  by softening the corners and they block the view
  of the foundation

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Selecting Plants

• What is a shrub border?
• A mass of many shrubs on the border of the
  property . They help create the outdoor living
  area, screen views, and serve as a backdrop for
  annual and perennial flowers

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Drawing Plants into your Plan

• It is helpful to use symbols in your design work
  that represents the different types of plants.
  The symbols styles used vary from one designer
  to the other.

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Drawing Plants into your Plan

• Here are some examples of plant symbols
• Deciduous Tree -- Ground Cover
• Evergreen Tree --Gravel
• Broadleaf Evergreen tree
• Deciduous shrubs
• Evergreen shrubs
• Deciduous Hedge
• Evergreen Hedge
• Broadleaf Evergreen Hedge
• Cobbles

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Drawing Plants into your Plan

• Labeling
• The most important thing after drawing in your
  plants is to label each one and to make sure to
  keep thing nice and neat to read.

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Lets Review!!

• The Design Steps!!
• Step 7 Locate Trees on the plan
• Step 8 Locate Shrubs
• Step 9 Assign textures and colors
• Step 10 Select plants to meet needs
• Step 11 Trace the plan on to quality vellum.
  Draw plant symbols on the good plan
• Step 12 Label everything

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Geometry for the Landscape
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Objectives

• By the end of this lesson you will be able to
  calculate
• the perimeter of a given section of land
• the area of given section of land
• the volume of container

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Terms

• diameter (d)- the line that divides a circle into
  two equal parts
• radius ( r)- one half the diameter
• pi (?) - 3.14 or 22/7
• height- line segment that shows how tall a
  triangle is. It is always drawn from a corner of
  the triangle to the opposite side forming a 90
  degree angle.

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Terms continued

• perimeter(P)- the distance around
• the sum of all sides
• How much fence do you need to go around a yard?
• Circumference (C)- perimeter of a circle
• C diameter X ?
• How much edging do you need to go around a flower
  bed?

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Terms Continued

• volume (V)- how much fits in a given space
• Volume of a box area of bottom X height
• Volume of a sphere 4/3 X pi X radius X radius X
  radius
• How much soil do you need to fill a flower pot?

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More Terms

• area (A)- the space inside the perimeter
• rectangle side X side
• triangle (base X height)/2
• circle radius X radius X ?
• How many square feet of sod do you need to order
  to cover the yard?

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Example of perimeter
2
4
2
2
3
2
3
22228
33410
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Examples of area rectangle
2
5
2 X 5 10
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Examples of area circle
2
2 X 2 X 3.14 12.56
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Examples of Area of Triangle
A(8X6)/2 A48/2 A24
8.9
8.2
8
6
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Volume
Area of bottom7'X7' Height9' Volume7'X7'X9' Vol
ume441 cubic feet
7'
7'
9'
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Notes

• If a shape is not standard break it down into
  smaller standard shapes to make calculations
• Calculations must be done in the same unit of
  measurement (change feet to inches or vice versa
  as needed)
• Simplify all answers, do not write feet as
  decimals, convert to inches.

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Units

• Perimeter- feet, inches, cm, m, mm, yards.
• Area- sq. feet, sq. inches, sq. cm, sq. yards...
• Volume- cubic feet, cubic inches, cubic cm, cubic
  yards.

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Homework problems

• 1.How many cubic feet of mulch do you need to buy
  if you are mulching a 3 foot ring three inches
  deep around 4 trees that are 1 foot each in
  diameter?
• 2. How much soil is needed to fill 24 planters
  that are 1 ft wide, 6 feet long, and 1ft 6 inches
  deep?

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• 3. Find the perimeter of the yard to the right.
• 4. How many sq. feet of sod would be needed to
  cover the yard at the right?

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72
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• 5. If three inches of snow had to be removed from
  a walk pictured below, how many cubic ft of snow
  would be removed?

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50
8
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The End

• Any Questions!!