Unit 5 Chapter 13 The Theory of Evolution

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Chapter 13 Theory of Evolution
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• I. Charles Darwin p. 276
• A. WHO? British naturalist
• WHAT? 5 year voyage on the Beagle
  from England around the world
• WHERE? South America (Galapagos
  Islands)
• WHY? Study variation in life forms

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• B. In the 1800s, most people believed
• that each species was a divine creation
  that exists unchanging.

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• C. Darwin had a different view
• 1. He published his theory in a book in the year
  1859 .
• On The Origin of Species by Means of Natural
  Selection
• descent with modification

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• 2. Evolution by natural selection
• Evolution -
• Natural selection -

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• D. Influences on Darwins ideas
• 1. Lamarck
• Use or disuse -
• Inheritance of acquired traits -

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• II. Darwins proposed ideas p. 280
• A. Inherited variation exists within the
  genes of every population or species as the
  result of random mutations and translation errors.

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• B. In a particular environment, some individuals
  of a populations or species are better suited to
  survive and have more offspring.

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• C. Over time, the traits that make certain
  individuals of a population able to survive and
  reproduce tend to spread in that population.

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• D. Habitats present different opportunities
  and challenges for survival and reproduction
  survival of the fittest

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E. Each species has evolved and accumulated
adaptations which increase chances of survival
p. 279 Video clip examples of adaptations
1. Blue footed boobie- 2. Marine Iguana- 3.
Red eye gull- 4. Hawk fish-
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• III. Evolution in the Modern World p. 281

• Changes in populations may occur through
  mutations that allow
• 1. speciation
• 2. reproductive isolation
• Ex Grand Canyon squirrels-

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Discovery of new species
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• B. Tempo of evolution p. 282
• 1. gradualism
• 2. punctuated equilibrium -

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C. The Fossil record p. 283 1. Earth is 4.5
billion years old

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• D. Anatomy and development p. 286
• 1. vestigial structures
• EX wings of flightless birds

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• 2. homologous structures
• EX vertebrate forelimb bone structure

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3. embryonic development -
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• E. Biological molecules p. 287
• EX hemoglobin amino acids

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• IV. Evolution in action in todays world p. 288

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• A. Antibiotic resistant bacteria p. 289

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• B. Insect resistance

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• C. Subspecies p. 291
• EX