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Chapter 22 Notes- Human Geography of Southwest Asia

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Chapter 22 Notes- Human Geography of Southwest Asia Religion, Politics, & Oil 1996 - various factions fight for control of the Afghan government, Many ethnic warlords ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter 22 Notes- Human Geography of Southwest Asia


1
Chapter 22 Notes- Human Geography of Southwest
Asia
  • Religion, Politics, Oil

2
Mecca
The birthplace of Muhammad and a site of the
revelation of the Quran
3
Muhammad.
Muhammad, was a religious, political, and
military leader from Mecca who unified Arabia
into a single religious polity under Islam.
4
Section 1 The Arabian Peninsula
  • Islam- based on the teachings of Muhammad.
  • Monotheistic
  • Mosque- place of worship
  • All Muslims (followers of Islam) perform the 5
    pillars.

5
Section 1 The Arabian Peninsula
  • 5 Pillars
  • 1. Faith (Iman or Shahadah)- no God but Allah,
    Muhammad is messenger of Allah
  • 2. Prayer (Salah)- praying 5xs per day towards
    Mecca
  • 3. Charity (Zakah)- giving money to the poor.

6
Section 1 The Arabian Peninsula
  • 5 Pillars cont.-
  • 4. Fasting (Saum)- during month of Ramadan, do
    not eat or drink anything between sunrise
    sunset.
  • 5. Pilgrimage (Hajj)- make pilgrimage to Mecca
    once during life.

7
Section 1 The Arabian Peninsula
  • Theocratic- religious leaders control the
    government.
  • many of the governments in the region are this
  • Ayatollah- Muslim religious leader

8
Section 1 The Arabian Peninsula
  • OPEC- Organization of Petroleum Exporting
    Countries-
  • Members set worldwide oil prices production
    quotas
  • Members include Algeria, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq,
    Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the
    United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela.

9
Which countries have the largest reserves of
crude oil?
10
Section 1 The Arabian Peninsula
  • Arabic Women-
  • Most cover themselves from head to toe in a burqa
    (Arabic covering)
  • Modesty being covered is believed to be
    pleasing to god.

11
Section 2 The Eastern Mediterranean
  • 3 major religions were all started in Southwest
    Asia
  • Judaism, Christianity, Islam
  • All 3 claim Jerusalem as a holy city.

12
Section 2The Eastern Mediterranean
  • Jews- Jerusalem is holiest city
  • Holiest site- Western Wall (Wailing Wall)
  • Whole area is known as the Temple Mount
  • First Temple built by King Solomon then destroyed
  • Temple rebuilt
  • Second Temple destroyed by the Romans
  • Only piece left standing is known as the Western
    Wall
  • No Jewish temple on site since 70 A.D.

13
Section 2 The Eastern Mediterranean
  • Christians cherish the land as the area where
    Jesus Christ was crucified for the holy areas
    of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher (where
    crucified) Mount of the Olives.

14
Section 2 The Eastern Mediterranean
  • Islam claims Jerusalem as 3rd holiest city behind
    Mecca Medina
  • Dome of the Rock- spot where Muslims believe the
    Prophet Muhammad rose into heaven
  • AKA- Haram Ash-Sharif (Temple Mount)
  • Next to Western Wall
  • Site of frequent clashes between Muslims Jews

15
Section 2 The Eastern Mediterranean
  • Ottoman Empire- Muslim based government, started
    in Turkey
  • Lasted from 1520-1920 (til end of WW1)

16
Section 2 The Eastern Mediterranean
  • Zionism- goal of the creation support of a
    Jewish homeland in Palestine
  • After WW1 Britain controlled Palestine

17
Section 2 The Eastern Mediterranean
  • After WW2 world sentiment favored giving the Jews
    a national homeland.
  • May 14th, 1948 Israel was established.
  • Immediately Attacked
  • Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq, Saudi
    Arabia, Yemen attacked.

18
Section 2 The Eastern Mediterranean
  • Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)- formed
    to regain the land for Arabs
  • Political Military means used

19
Section 3 The Northeast
  • The Kurds- ethnic group in Southwestern Asia
  • Stateless nation
  • 5,000 were gassed to death by Saddam Husseins
    army.
  • Saddam was executed for this

20
Section 3 The Northeast
  • Mesopotamia- many civilizations were started here
    in the land between the rivers (AKA The Fertile
    Crescent)
  • Sumer
  • Babylonia
  • Assyria
  • Chaldea
  • Hittites
  • Persia

21
Section 3 The Northeast
  • Two main branches of Islam
  • Sunni Muslim- 83 of all Muslims
  • Shiite Muslim

22
Section 3 The Northeast
  • Taliban- fundamentalist Muslim political group in
    Afghanistan

23
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24
  • 1955 Afghanistan asks US for military ties, we
    say no
  • Afghanistan looks to USSR,
  • Pro-communist ideas were adopted into the gov.
    and a Communist Party was in place in Afghanistan

25
  • 1978 pro soviet groups staged a coup and
    installed their own puppet government

26
  • 1978 - New regime announces changes such as equal
    rights for women, land reforms..
  • Protests result from these reforms (pro-Islamic
    groups)

27
  • 1979 Soviets invade

28
  • Afghan army collapses as revolts take place all
    over, govt. asks for military aid from US

29
  • 1980 - Resistance to Soviet occupation forms in
    Afghanistan Pakistan called the mujahideen or
    holy warriors,
  • US CIA begins to support these rebels with arms
    supplied through Pakistan

30
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31
  • 10 long wasteful years of war in Afghanistan

32
  • UN sponsored peace talks with Afghanistan. Soviet
    Union, Pakistan, and the US

33
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34
  • 1996 - various factions fight for control of the
    Afghan government,
  • Many ethnic warlords and leaders battle each
    other
  • Taliban group take charge by bribing local
    warlords and making false promises

35
  • Taliban forces take the capital of Kabul and
    about 75 of the country
  • make massive changes
  • establish a very strict form of Islamic law

36
  • Brought major sweeping reforms, reforms against
    women

37
No television, music or movies No whistling or
clapping No dancing No shorts No photography No
smoking Men must have a beard and wear a head
covering
38
  • Women
  • No jobs, must stay at home
  • Must wear the burqa and be with a male relative
    outside the house
  • No schooling/education
  • No revealing ankles/ no white socks
  • No treatment by male doctors
  • No make-up or brightly colored clothes

39
  • No associating with male shopkeepers
  • No laughing loudly
  • No high heels
  • No driving
  • No riding bicycles
  • No washing clothes next to a river unless a male
    relative is present
  • Windows must be painted or covered

40
Osama bin Laden
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