Flowering Plants

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Flowering Plants
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Parts Of The Plant

• The root anchors the plant and absorbs water and
  minerals from the soil
• The stem supports the plant
• The leaves make food for the plant
• The flower makes seeds

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The Flower

• The flower is responsible for reproduction
  (making more plants)
• The male organs called the stamen
• The female organs are called the carpel
• The petals attract insects
• The sepals protect buds
• Flowers emerge in spring and summer, they grow
  from a bud

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Parts Of A Flower
Carpel
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The Stamen

• The stamen is the male organ
• It is made up of two parts
• The filament supports the anther
• The anther makes pollen
• Pollen is the male sex cell

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The Carpel

• The Carpel is the female organ
• It is made up of three parts
• The Stigma is sticky for pollen to stay on it
• The Style is where the pollen tube eats through
• The Ovary contains ovules. This is where
  fertilisation takes place

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The Carpel
Carpel
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Pollination

• Pollen is made on the anther
• It has to travel to a stigma
• This is called pollination
• Some plants attract insects for pollination
• Some use the wind
• Self pollination is when plants pollinate their
  own stigmas
• Cross pollination is when other flowers are
  pollinated

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Insect Pollination
Attractive scents (smells)
Nectar can be used to make honey
Brightly coloured, large petals attract insects
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Wind Pollination
No Nectar
No attractive smell
Long stamens hanging outside the flower
Small or no petals
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Fertilisation

• This is when
• pollen fertilises
• the ovules
• This takes place
• in the ovary

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Seeds

• When the pollen tube reaches the ovary it finds
  an ovule
• The nucleus from the pollen fertilises the
  nucleus from the ovule
• This fertilises the ovule and makes a seed
• The seed grows in the ovary
• The flower dies as the seed
• develops

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Seed Dispersal
Seeds have to be dispersed because they cannot
grow where their parents are. They need a patch
of soil where they do not have to compete for
water and sunlight
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Wind Dispersal
Dandelion seeds
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Hooks
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Explosive
When Gorse dries out the pod cracks open and the
seeds inside explode outwards
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Fruits
The Seeds are on the outside of the strawberry
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Germination

• This is when the seed starts to grow into a plant
• It happens when the seed gets three conditions
• Water
• Heat
• Oxygen

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Photosynthesis

• Plants can make their own food
• This is called photosynthesis
• Carbon Dioxide   water light energy    
  Glucose     Oxygen
• Leaves have chloroplasts that soaks up sunlight

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The Starch Test

• Leaves store their food (glucose) as starch
• How would you de-starch a plant?
• Place it in the dark for a few days
• The plants cell walls have to be softened in
  boiling water
• Chlorophyll is removed by boiling in Ethanol
• Iodine turns from brown to black when starch is
  present
• http//www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/science/b
  iology/green_plants_2.shtml

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Watering Plants
When plants do not get enough water or minerals
they start to wilt
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Stomata

• Plants photosynthesise during the day and respire
  when it is dark
• Gases get in and out of a leaf through tiny holes
  called stomata

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Stoma
Open
Closed