World War I

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World War I 1914-1918

• Also known as the Great War or The War to End All
  Wars
• Causes
• 1. Nationalism
• 2. Imperialism
• 3. Militarism
• 4. Entangling Alliances balance of power

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Opposing Sides

• Triple Alliance/Central Powers
• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Italy switches sides in 1915
• Ottoman Empire (Turkey) joins in 1914
• Bulgaria joins in 1915

• Triple Entente/Allied Powers
• England
• France
• Russia
• Italy in 1915
• Japan joins in 1914
• United States joins in 1917

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Event that started the War

• June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand of
  Austria-Hungary and his wife are assassinated in
  Sarajevo, Bosnia by Serbian Nationalists
  Pan-Slavic movement The Black Hand
• Mobilization preparing your military for war

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Gavrilo Princip
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1914-1916

• First Modern War
• New weapons Machine guns, poison gas,
  airplanes, submarines, giant artillery,
  flamethrowers, (tanks in 1917)
• Early Battles First Battle of the Marne - 1914
• Trench Warfare war was stagnant for this
  period with the battleline moving very little
  stalemate
• No Mans Land area between the trenches
• German U-boats tried to cut off Europe from
  supplies
• Battle of Verdun 1916 1.25 million
  casualties
• Battle of the Somme 1916 1 million casualties

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German Maxim Machine Gun
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Vickers Machine Gun
Lewis Machine Gun
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Big Bertha
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American Rail Gun
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German Artillery
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Spad VII
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Sopwith Pup
Neuport 28
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Baron Manfred Von Richtofen The Red Baron
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Gas Bombs Exploding
Mustard Gas Victim
U.S. Marines Wearing Gas Masks
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German Submarine (U-boat) U-14
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No Mans Land
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Trench Warfare
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Trench Foot
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Trench system from the Air
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Soldiers Attacking Going Over the Top
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Dead German Soldiers
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Dead Allied Soldiers
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Before
After
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Allied Tanks
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U.S. Neutrality

• Isolationism President Woodrow Wilson
• Events that caused U.S. to go to war
• 1. German submarine warfare Lusitania
  Germans were attacking U.S. shipping
• U.S. loaned Allies large amounts of money
• 2. Sussex Pledge
• 3. Zimmerman Telegram
• United States declares war on Central Powers on
  April 6, 1917

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Preparing For War

• Committee on Public Information raised public
  support for war
• Selective Service Act drafted over 3 million
  men
• African-Americans 370,000 served still
  segregated fought with the French army
• Women 25,000 served interpreters, nurses,
  clerks, Hello Girls (telephone operators) 1
  million women joined the work force in America
• Liberty Bonds - 20 Billion
• War Industries Board

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Propaganda Posters
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• American Expeditionary Force AEF John J.
  Pershing
• 1917 Bolshevik Revolution in Russia
  Communists take over, Russia surrenders
• Famous battles for Americans
• 1. Chateau-Thierry
• 2. Belleau Wood
• 3. Second Battle of the Marne turning point of
  war, Germans last attack
• 4. Saint-Mihiel
• November 11, 1918 Armistice (truce) ends the
  fighting

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• 30 million deaths 112,000 American
• 330 billion
• Fourteen Points Woodrow Wilsons plan
• League of Nations
• Self-determination people decide their own
  political status
• Treaty of Versailles set stage for World War II
  by punishing Germany excessively
• Germans had to pay reparations payments for
  damages - 33 billion
• Germans had to give up territory
• Germans had to give up their military

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Adolf Hitler
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Woodrow Wilson
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John J. Pershing