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Unit II Kansas Arthropods Information

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Unit II Kansas Arthropods Information Introduction to Arthropods Insects and spiders belong to a larger Phylum Arthropoda, which means jointed leg . – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Unit II Kansas Arthropods Information


1
Unit II Kansas Arthropods Information
2
Introduction to Arthropods
  • Insects and spiders belong to a larger Phylum
    Arthropoda, which means jointed leg.
  • Insects are characterized by having 6 legs with
    joints, and 3 body parts head, thorax and
    abdomen. Most have either one or two sets of
    wings.
  • Most insects go through various life stages,
    where they change in form and appearance. There
    are many variations, but these changes are called
    metamorphosis.
  • Very few insects are harmful to humans or crops.
  • Many insects are very beneficial, especially the
    ones that pollinate plants.

3
Arthropods, cont.
  • Spiders are characterized by having 8 legs and 8
    eyes. They have two body parts cephalothorax
    and abdomen.
  • Identification of most insects is very difficult.
    Some of the more showy insects, like most of the
    ones in this unit, are easy to learn the species.
    Learning which Order insects belong in is the
    first step to being able to find the species in
    field guides.

4
Monarch
5
Monarch
Video of Ken Highfills class observing Monarch
bunch at Baker Wetlands, in Lawrence, KS.
6
Monarch
  • Order Lepidoptera, the moths and butterflies
  • Only migratory butterfly that has a migration
    similar to birds.
  • When they breed, they lay eggs on milkweed
    plants, and the breeding adults live for about
    one month.
  • About 4 generations are hatched in a summer, and
    the ones that hatch out in August and September
    are the ones that will fly to Mexico for the
    winter, and there they will congregate by the
    millions, and live for about 8 months. They are
    not in a breeding state.
  • As they fly back north, they breed and die. The
    next generations continues going farther north,
    breeding and dying, until the end of the summer
    and the migratory cycle continues.
  • Monarch Watch tags the monarchs with special
    stickers and records the data to keep track of
    migration. See www.monarchwatch.org for more
    information.

7
Monarch cont.
  • Monarch butterflies are poisonous (not
    venomousyou have to eat them to get sick).
  • Their black and orange colors are a warning to
    would-be predators that they are poisonous. If a
    bird eats one, it gets sick and throws it up, its
    heart beats very fast and it remembers those
    colors and does not eat it again.
  • Monarch caterpillars live on the milkweed plants,
    which have a cardiac glycoside in the milk that
    is poisonous to most animals. The caterpillars
    can eat it and not get sick, and that is what
    makes them poisonous to other predators.

8
Viceroy
Note this black bar across the hind wing. The
Monarch does not have this straight line.
9
Viceroy
  • Order Lepidoptera, the moths and butterflies
  • NOT poisonous, but it mimics the monarch
    butterfly, which provides it protection from
    predators.
  • Note the hind wing of the viceroythe black cross
    vein forms a line across the hind wing. The
    monarch does not have this line.

10
Hackberry Butterflies
11
Hackberry Butterflies
12
Hackberry Butterflies
  • Order Lepidoptera, the moths and butterflies.
  • Caterpillars feed on hackberry leaves.
  • Butterflies fly from July to September.
  • Often found in huge clouds around puddles of
    water near hackberry trees.

13
Red Admiral
14
Red Admiral
  • Order Lepidoptera, the moths and butterflies.
  • Not likely to be confused with any other
    butterfly.
  • Can be found all across the U.S. in nearly any
    habitat. Very common.

15
Question Mark
16
Question Mark
This is the question mark.
17
Question Mark
  • Order Lepidoptera, the moths and butterflies.
  • Belongs to a group of butterflies called Commas
    (also called anglewings), and named for the
    silvery comma shape on underneath of the hind
    wing. This species has a break in the shape
    that makes it look more like a question mark.
  • Wide ranging and fairly common in woodland
    openings.
  • Elms and hackberries are among their host plants.

18
Buckeye
19
Buckeye
  • Order Lepidoptera, the moths and butterflies.
  • Common in southern regions but familiar across
    the U.S.
  • Favors open habitats.
  • Named for large eyespots on the wings.

20
Eastern Tiger Swallowtail
21
Eastern Tiger Swallowtail
22
Eastern Tiger Swallowtail
  • Order Lepidoptera, the moths and butterflies.
  • One of the most familiar eastern butterflies.
  • Common in forests, along streams and gardens.
  • Called a swallowtail because of the two tails
    trailing off of the hindwings.

23
Sulphurs
24
Sulphurs
  • Order Lepidoptera, the moths and butterflies.
  • Sulphurs in are usually some shade of yellow,
    orange or white.
  • There are several species, and they are
    challenging to tell apart.
  • Perch with closed wings.
  • Often you can see two flying together, around
    each other going higher in the airthese are
    often males fighting.

25
Fall Webworms
26
Fall Webworms
27
Fall Webworms
  • Order Lepidoptera, the moths and butterflies.
  • Makes large webs across host plant branches in
    the fall.
  • Host plants walnuts, cottonwood, hickory,
    mulberry.

28
Red Carpenter Ants
29
Red Carpenter Ants
  • Order Hymenoptera, the ants, wasps, and bees.
  • Lives in hollow trees and tree limbs.
  • More likely found in woodland than urban areas.

30
Honey Bee
31
Honey Bee
  • Order Hymenoptera, the ants, wasps, and bees.
  • Imported from Europe.
  • Well known as a mild-tempered bee.
  • This is the bee common to bee keepers.

32
Grass Spider
33
Grass Spider
  • Order Araneae, the spiders
  • Common names are grass spider, wolf spider and
    funnel-web weaver.
  • Makes a flat, dense web with a funnel off-center.
  • Webs located on ground or heavy brush.
  • Typically have two dark bands on abdomen.

34
Wheel Bug
35
Wheel Bug
Stink Glands
36
Wheel Bug
  • Order Hemiptera, the true bugs
  • Named for the cog-like wheel on thorax.
  • Predacious and beneficial
  • Not aggressive towards people, but the bite is
    extremely painful.

37
Snowberry Clearwing
38
Snowberry Clearwing
39
Snowberry Clearwing
  • Order Lepidoptera, the moths and butterflies.
  • It is a bumble bee hawk moth that visits flowers
    in the daytime.
  • Named for clear section of wing without scales.

40
Silver-bellied Cicada
41
Silver-bellied Cicada
  • Order Homoptera, the aphids, leafhoppers, and
    cicadas
  • Incorrectly referred to as locusts (locusts are
    grasshoppers)
  • Many species, and adults can be ½ inch long to 2
    ½ inches long.
  • Their sounds, especially in July and August, are
    familiar to nearly everyone.
  • Females can cause damage to some trees, as they
    lay eggs in the twigs. When the eggs hatch, the
    nymphs fall to the ground and develop in the
    soil. They feed on the roots of the host plant.
    When the emerge, they molt into adults, and their
    empty skins are common sights for most people.
  • Some species occur every year, while the
    periodical cicada is also called the 17-year
    cicada and occurs every 17 years. It last
    occurred in May, 1998.

42
Black Widow
43
Black Widow
44
Black Widow
  • Order Araneae, the spiders
  • A relatively shy spider that typically seeks
    nesting sites under stones and embankments.
  • Shiny, black spider up to 3/8 inches in length
    with a red spots above and a red hourglass shape
    on the underside of their abdomen.
  • Neurotoxic venom causes severe abdominal cramps,
    pain, nausea, sweating, and trembling.
  • Rarely causes death except in very small children
    or the elderly.

45
Garden Spider
46
Garden Spider
47
Garden Spider
  • Order Araneae, the spiders
  • Several species of the Argiope genus.
  • Very common in Kansas, especially in late summer
    and fall. They die in the fall after
    reproducing.
  • Quite large and beautifully marked with black,
    yellow and silvery-white.
  • Webs have a thick, zig-zag line of webbing woven
    in. Possibly as a way for birds to see the web
    and not fly though it.
  • It is fun to catch bugs and toss them into the
    web and watch the spider attack and wrap them in
    silk.

48
Spittlebug
49
Spittlebug
  • Order Homoptera, the aphids, leafhoppers, and
    cicadas
  • Also called froghoppers or spittle insects.
  • The nymphal stages (pre-adult) life in masses of
    white froth on the leaves or stems of plants
    during May and June.
  • They make this froth by sucking the juices out of
    the stem and churning it up into what looks like
    spit.

50
Praying Mantis
51
Praying Mantis
  • Order Mantodea, the mantises
  • Medium to large, green or brownish, slender
    insects with front legs adapted for catching and
    holding prey.
  • Head moves around on a neck.
  • They feed on other insects and spiders, although
    once in a great while the large ones might catch
    a hummingbird.
  • They are very beneficial insects, harmless to
    humans, and should not be destroyed.

52
Brown Recluse
53
Brown Recluse
  • Order Araneae, the spiders
  • Also referred to as the fiddle-back or violin
    spider.
  • One of two Kansas spiders (the other is the very
    shy and uncommon black widow) that is dangerous
    to humans.
  • Its venom can impose a very serious injury,
    although not deadly. The bite may ulcerate and
    require removal of tissue by a doctor.
  • Common in outbuildings, under boards and boxes,
    found in little-used closets, attics and garages,
    where it is dry and warm.

54
Scorpion
55
Scorpion
56
Scorpion
  • Order Scorpiones, the scorpions
  • Lives under stones on sunny hillsides.
  • Hunts insects at night and stings with their
    tail.
  • Sting is similar to that of a bee.

57
Dung Beetle
58
Dung Beetle
59
Dung Beetle
  • Order Coleoptera, the beetles.
  • A type of Scarab beetle.
  • Helps with the decomposition of animal manure and
    adds nutrients to the soil.
  • Consumes large amounts of dung.

60
Common Skimmer
61
Common Skimmer
62
Common Skimmer
  • Order Odonata, the dragonflies and damselflies.
  • One of the most common and best known dragonflies
    in Kansas.
  • Found over ponds and meadows.

63
Green Darner
64
Green Darner
  • Order Odonata, the dragonflies and damselflies.
  • One of the largest dragonflies in Kansas.
  • Flies low at dusk to catch insects near ponds.

65
Eastern Pondhawk
66
Eastern Pondhawk
  • Order Odonata, the dragonflies and damselflies.
  • Lives over quiet waters, likes mats of duckweed
    and floating plants.
  • One of the most ferocious dragonflies attacks
    all kinds of prey including each other.

67
Paper Nest Wasp
68
Paper Nest Wasp
69
Paper Nest Wasp
  • Order Hymenoptera, the ants, bees, and wasps.
  • Valuable insects that eat large number of
    caterpillars.

70
Obscure Bird Grasshopper
71
Obscure Bird Grasshopper
  • Order Orthoptera, the grasshoppers and katydids.
  • Light yellow line down its back.
  • Hind legs have bright yellow spikes.

72
Daddylonglegs
73
Daddylonglegs
  • Order Opiliones, the harvestmen.
  • Especially common in fall.
  • Feeds on dead insects and sometimes wet dog food.
  • Very easy to identify.
  • Also called harvestmen.
  • Harmlesshas a lot of venom, but teeth are too
    small to penetrate human skin.

74
Lone Star Tick
Lone-star tick, easily identified by white spot
on back.
75
Ticks (various species)
  • Order Acari, the mites and ticks
  • Family Ixodidae
  • Several species of ticks in Kansas
  • Lone star tick, has white spot in center of back
  • Gulf coast tick, looks similar to Dog tick, with
    pale netting mark behind head.
  • American Dog tick, large tick with U-shape behind
    head.
  • Black-legged tick, the one in Kansas that is
    often the transmitter of Lyme Disease. Not a
    deer tick, but people call it that because it is
    similar.

76
References
  • Insects in Kansas, by Kansas Department of
    Agriculture, Nov. 2000
  • Kaufman Focus Guide to Butterflies of North
    America, by Jim P. Brock and Kenn Kaufman
  • Kaufman Field Guide to Insects of North America,
    by Eric R. Eaton.
  • Dragonflies through Binoculars, by Sidney W.
    Dunkle, 2000
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