Methods, Time Study, and Wage Payment Today

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Methods, Time Study, and Wage Payment Today
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The Importance of Productivity

• Increase profitability is by increasing
  productivity.
• Productivity improvement increase in output per
  work-hour or time expended

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Productivity ??????? (??????????????)

• ???????????????????????????????????????
• ??? ????????????????????????????????????????/?????
  ?????????
• Output / Input
• Labor Productivity ?????????????????
• Capital Productivity ???????????????????
• Material Productivity ???????????????????

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Labor Productivity ?????????????????

• ??? ??????????????????
• ??? ????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????
• ???????????????
• Ex ??????????????? 100 ?? ?????????? 3000
  ???????????
• ??????????????? ?? x ?????????
• 100 x 1 ??? 100
  ??-???(man-days)
• LP 3000 ????? / 100 ??-???
• 30 ????? ??? ????????

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Labor Productivity ?????????????????

• Ex ?????????????????? 120 ?? ?????????? 4000
  ???????????
• ??????????????? ?? x ?????????
• 120 x 1 ??? 120
  ??-???(man-days)
• 4000 ????? / 120 ??-???
• 33.33 ????? ??? ????????

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Productivity Improvement / Performance Index

• ???????????? ??????????? ???? 100 ????
  ?????????????????????????
• ??????????? / ??????????? x 100
• ??????? ?????????????????????? (PI)
  ????????????????????????????
• EX ?????????????????? P I ????????????
• 33.33/30 x 100 111.11

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Capital Productivity ???????????????????

• ?????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???
  ????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????
• ?????? / ????????(?????????)
• EX ??????????? ???????? 8 ???????
  ???????????????????????? 4500 ?????????????
  ??????? 10 ?????????????
• 10 ????????????? / 4500 ?????????????
• 2.22 ?.?/ ??? 0.45 ???????.?.

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Capital Productivity ???????????????????

• EX ?????????????????????????? ???????? 20 ???????
  ???????????????????????? 8500 ?????????????
  ??????? 20 ?????????????
• 20 ????????????? / 8500 ?????????????
• 2.35 ?.?/ ??? 0.425 ???????.?.
• PI 2.35 / 2.22 1.058 x 100 105.8

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Material Productivity ???????????????????

• ??????? ?????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????
• ???????????? ???????????? ????????????????
• EX ??????????????? ???????????????? 20
  ????????????? ?????????????? 21 ??? ??????????
• M P 20 ????????????? / 21 ????????????? x 100
• 95

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Material Productivity ???????????????????

• EX ?????????????????????????? ??????? 20.5
  ?????????????
• MP 20.5 ????????????? / 21 ????????????? x
  100
• 97.6
• PI 97.6 / 95 1.027 x 100 102.7

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?????????????????????

• F.W. Taylor gt ????????? 1881
• The Gilbreths gt Frank B. Gilbreths Lillian M.
  Gilbreths
• gt ????????????? Motion Study 1885

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Work Study

• Work study ???????????
• 1. Motion Study ?????????????????????
• Work method design ?????????????????????
• Method Study ???????????????
• 2. Time Study ????????????
• Work measurement ?????????

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Motion Study ?????????????????????

• ??? ?????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????? (Ideal) ????????????????????
  ????????????????

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Time Study ????????????

• ??????????????????????????(???????????????????????
  ?????????????)
• ????????????? ?????
• ???????????????
• ????????????????

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????????????????????????? Work Study

• ??????????? 4 ???????? ???
• ?. ????????????????????????? ????????????
  ???????????????????? gt ?????????????? design
• gt ?????????????????? evaluation
• ?. ???????????????????????
• gt ????????????????????????? Work Instruction-
  WI
• Work Standard- WS

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????????????????????????? Work Study

• ??????????? 4 ???????? ???
• ?. ???????????????????????????????
• gt ??????? ?????????? ???
• ?. ?????????????????

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????????????????????????? ????????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????
• ???????????
• 1. ????????????????????????
• 2. ?????????????????????????????
• ??????? ????????????? ???????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????

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??????????????????? Problem-Solving Process

• ??????????
• 1. ????????????? Problem Definition
• 2. ????????????????? Analysis of Problem
• 3. ???????????????????????? Search for possible
  solutions
• 4. ??????????????????/???????????? Evaluation of
  alternatives
• 5. ????????????????????????? Recommendation for
  Action

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1. ????????????? Problem Definition

• ?????????????? ??????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????
• ???????????
• ????????????????????

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1. ????????????? Problem Definition

• ??????????????? ???????????????????????????????
• ??????? ?????? Pareto diagram
• ??????? ??????? Fish- Bone Diagram
• Grantt Chart
• Network Critical Path

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1. ????????????? Problem Definition

• ???????????????????? ??????? ?????? Pareto
  diagram
• ??????????????????????????? ?????????
  ?????????????????????????????? ??????????????????(
  ????????) ????????????????????????? ??????????
  20 ????????????????? 80 ???????? ?????????????
  80 ????????????????? 20
• ?????????? ???????????????? ??????? ?????/???????
  ?????????

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??????? ?????? Pareto diagram
Cost /????????/?????????????? A --gt 75 B --gt
15 C --gt 7 D --gt 3
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???????? Patato
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????????????? ???? ??????????????
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????????????? ???? ??????????????
Man ??
Machine ???????
?????????????
????????????????
?????????
?????????
?????????
??????????
????? A ?????????????
?????????????
????????
????????????
?????????????
???????????
????????????
????????
???????
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Grantt Chart

• ??? ???????/?????????????? ??????????? Bar Chart
• ??????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????
• ?????????????????? ?????????? ??????? Chart
  ???????????? ??????????????????????????????

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Network Critical Path
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2.????????????????? Analysis of Problem

• ???????????? ?????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????????? ??????
• ?????????????????? Process Analysis ????
  Operation Process Chart, Flow Process Chart
• ????????? ??-??????????? ???? Man-Machine Chart
• ????????????????? Operation Analysis ????
  Two-hand Chart, Two-hand Process Chart
• ???????????????????????????? Micro-Motion Study

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3. ???????????????????????? Search for possible
solutions

• ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????????
  ?????? ???????????????????????????????????????????
  ? ??????
• ?????????????????? 5 W 2H
• ?????? ECCS

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?????????????????? 5 W 2H

• ???????????? ?????????????????????????????????????
  ? ???????????
• What ???? gt ????????? ???????????????????????
  ????????
• Who ??? gt ?????????????????
• Where ?????? gt ?????????????? ??????
• When ??????? gt ???????????????
• How ??????? gt ???????????????
• How much ?????? gt ????????????????????
• Why ???? gt ???????????????? ???????????????
  ???????????????? ????????????? ?????????????

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?????????????????? 5 W 2H

• ???????????????????
• What ???? gt ????????? ???????????????????????
  ????????
• Who ??? gt ?????????????????
• Where ?????? gt ?????????????? ??????
• When ??????? gt ???????????????
• How ??????? gt ???????????????
• How much ?????? gt ????????????????????
• Why ???? gt ???????????????? ???????????????
  ???????????????? ????????????? ?????????????

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?????? ECCS

• ????????????????????????? ??????????
• EEliminate all unnecessary work
  ????????????????????????????
• C Combine operation or element
  ?????????????????????????????????
• C Change the sequence of operation
  ?????????????????????
• SSimplify the necessary operation
  ?????????????????????????

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?????? ECCS

• EEliminate all unnecessary work
  ????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????? ????
• ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????
  ?
• ??????????????? ??? ?????????????????
  ????????????
• ??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????
  ?? ??? ?????????????????????????? ?
  ???????????????????????????????????

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?????? ECCS

• C Combine operation or element
  ?????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????? ????
• ?????????????????????????????????????

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?????? ECCS

• SSimplify the necessary operation
  ?????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????

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?????? ECCS

• C Change the sequence of operation
  ?????????????????????
• ???????????????????????? ???????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????