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Biotechnology

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Title: Biotechnology


1
Biotechnology
  • the use of organisms and biological processes to
    provide food, chemicals and services to meet the
    needs of humans
  • also includes the industrial use of recombinant
    DNA, cell fusion, novel bioprocessing techniques,
    and bioremediation

2
1864 Pasteurization
  • French chemist -Louis Pasteur
  • Developed pasteurization process which uses heat
    to destroy harmful microorganisms in products
  • The products are then sealed airtight for safety
  • enhanced quality of life, allowing products such
    as milk to be transported without spoiling.

3
1865 Mendel and modern genetics
  • Gregor Mendel Austrian monk, botanist and plant
    scientist
  • studied the principal of heredity
  • Experimenting with garden peas he successfully
    cross-bred traits, color, plant ht and pod size.
  • showed that differences such as a ht or color
    could be attributed to the passing of traits and
    genes

4
1953 Discovery of DNA structure
  • People didnt know where genes lived until DNA
    (deoxyribonucleic acid) was discovered or
    understood in the early 1950s
  • James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the the
    ladder like helix structure called DNA
  • DNA was essential to the exploration of
    biotechnology

5
The story of Insulin and Biotechnology
  • Your body produces insulin to regulate glucose
    levels.
  • Diabetes occurs when the body does not produce
    enough insulin.
  • pigs and cows first provided diabetic patients
    with insulin injections
  • Scientists did not know the long term effects of
    having animal insulin in your body.

6
The story of Insulin and Biotechnology
  • In 1978, Boyer was able to take pieces of human
    DNA and isolate a gene for insulin using
    biotechnology
  • This scientific advancement vastly improved
    quality of life for many people living with
    diabetes and guaranteed their safety.

7
1980- Today
  • In early 1990s, Hawaiian papaya farmers watched
    as a devastating virus wiped out their crops.
  • Papaya ring spot virus ruins fruit and kills
    trees.
  • This is one of Hawaii's top crops and brings in
    over 40 million, farmers were strapped for
    solutions.
  • Researchers at the University of Hawaii and
    Cornell University developed a virus-resistant
    papaya plant through biotechnology.
  • Today after near disaster, the Hawaiian papaya
    industry is thriving through this biotechnology
    innovation.

8
Today
  • Advances in biotechnology have allowed farmers to
    benefit from greater productivity and output with
    less cost, effort and economic risk, and a
    reduced burden to the environment
  • Biotechnology has enhance the food products you
    see on your table each day, some include
  • Healthier, easier- to- cook, tastier foods
  • Foods with added health benefits
  • Foods that last longer

9
Biotechnology For the World
  • Agriculture around the world is challenging
    especially in developing countries where farmers
    face drought, plant diseases, insects and low
    crop yields
  • Biotechnology offers a promise for a world
    population expected to reach nearly nine billion
    by 2050
  • Biotechnology products have the potential to help
    children around the world who suffer from
    nutritional deficiencies.

10
Medicine and Biotechnology
  • Considerable efforts are being devoted to the
    development of vaccines for killer diseases such
    as AIDS
  • Monoclonal antibodies will be used to boost the
    bodys defense and guide anti-cancer drugs to
    their target sites.
  • Technology may also help to rid the human and
    animal world of a range of parasitic diseases by
    producing specific antibodies to particular
    parasites

11
Medical Biotechnology
  • Synthesis of drugs, hormones, and animal health
    products, together with drug-delivery mechanisms,
    are all advancing rapidly
  • Enzyme replacement and gene replacement therapy
    are other areas where progress is anticipated
  • The next decade will see significant advances in
    medicine, agriculture, and animal health directly
    attributed to biotechnology

12
Growth Potential for Worldwide Biotechnological
Markets by the Year 2000
Market Sector In Millions
Energy 15,392
Foods 11,912
Chemicals 9,936
Health Care (pharmaceuticals) 8,544
Agriculture 8,048
Metal Recovery 4,304
Pollution Control 96
13
Emerging Careers in.Biotechnology
  • Biotechnology may be one of the most applied
    sciences of the 21st century
  • This science uses living cells and materials
    produced by cells to create pharmaceutical,
    diagnostic, agricultural, environmental, and
    other products to benefit society.
  • With the United States as the current world
    leader in the research, development, and
    commercialization of biotechnology products,
    biotechnology offers many exciting career
    opportunities across a multitude of industries.

14
Careers in Biotechnology
Occupation Median Annual Earnings Growth Rate Typical Education
Veterinary Technologist and Technicians 22,900 39 Associate Degree
Technical Writers 50,600 30 Bachelors Degree or Higher
Biological Technicians 32,700 26 Associate degree
Biochemists and Biophysicists 60,400 21 Bachelors degree or Higher
Agricultural and Food science Technicians 28,600 15 Associate Degree
15
Something to thing about..
  • With the advances in biotechnology, soon we may
    have designer babies. Is this good or bad? Many
    ethical questions will and have arrived along
    with all this wonderful knowledge.
  • If you were pregnant with your first child and
    you could have an amniocentesis would you? If you
    do and find out the infant is going to be grossly
    retarded would you keep the baby or have an
    abortion?
  • With knowledge comes much responsibility.
  • Think about it.
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