Title: Biotechnology
1Biotechnology
- the use of organisms and biological processes to
provide food, chemicals and services to meet the
needs of humans - also includes the industrial use of recombinant
DNA, cell fusion, novel bioprocessing techniques,
and bioremediation
21864 Pasteurization
- French chemist -Louis Pasteur
- Developed pasteurization process which uses heat
to destroy harmful microorganisms in products - The products are then sealed airtight for safety
- enhanced quality of life, allowing products such
as milk to be transported without spoiling.
31865 Mendel and modern genetics
- Gregor Mendel Austrian monk, botanist and plant
scientist - studied the principal of heredity
- Experimenting with garden peas he successfully
cross-bred traits, color, plant ht and pod size. - showed that differences such as a ht or color
could be attributed to the passing of traits and
genes
41953 Discovery of DNA structure
- People didnt know where genes lived until DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid) was discovered or
understood in the early 1950s - James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the the
ladder like helix structure called DNA - DNA was essential to the exploration of
biotechnology
5The story of Insulin and Biotechnology
- Your body produces insulin to regulate glucose
levels. - Diabetes occurs when the body does not produce
enough insulin. - pigs and cows first provided diabetic patients
with insulin injections - Scientists did not know the long term effects of
having animal insulin in your body.
6The story of Insulin and Biotechnology
- In 1978, Boyer was able to take pieces of human
DNA and isolate a gene for insulin using
biotechnology - This scientific advancement vastly improved
quality of life for many people living with
diabetes and guaranteed their safety.
71980- Today
- In early 1990s, Hawaiian papaya farmers watched
as a devastating virus wiped out their crops. - Papaya ring spot virus ruins fruit and kills
trees. - This is one of Hawaii's top crops and brings in
over 40 million, farmers were strapped for
solutions. - Researchers at the University of Hawaii and
Cornell University developed a virus-resistant
papaya plant through biotechnology. - Today after near disaster, the Hawaiian papaya
industry is thriving through this biotechnology
innovation.
8Today
- Advances in biotechnology have allowed farmers to
benefit from greater productivity and output with
less cost, effort and economic risk, and a
reduced burden to the environment - Biotechnology has enhance the food products you
see on your table each day, some include - Healthier, easier- to- cook, tastier foods
- Foods with added health benefits
- Foods that last longer
9Biotechnology For the World
- Agriculture around the world is challenging
especially in developing countries where farmers
face drought, plant diseases, insects and low
crop yields - Biotechnology offers a promise for a world
population expected to reach nearly nine billion
by 2050 - Biotechnology products have the potential to help
children around the world who suffer from
nutritional deficiencies.
10Medicine and Biotechnology
- Considerable efforts are being devoted to the
development of vaccines for killer diseases such
as AIDS - Monoclonal antibodies will be used to boost the
bodys defense and guide anti-cancer drugs to
their target sites. - Technology may also help to rid the human and
animal world of a range of parasitic diseases by
producing specific antibodies to particular
parasites
11Medical Biotechnology
- Synthesis of drugs, hormones, and animal health
products, together with drug-delivery mechanisms,
are all advancing rapidly - Enzyme replacement and gene replacement therapy
are other areas where progress is anticipated - The next decade will see significant advances in
medicine, agriculture, and animal health directly
attributed to biotechnology
12Growth Potential for Worldwide Biotechnological
Markets by the Year 2000
Market Sector In Millions
Energy 15,392
Foods 11,912
Chemicals 9,936
Health Care (pharmaceuticals) 8,544
Agriculture 8,048
Metal Recovery 4,304
Pollution Control 96
13Emerging Careers in.Biotechnology
- Biotechnology may be one of the most applied
sciences of the 21st century - This science uses living cells and materials
produced by cells to create pharmaceutical,
diagnostic, agricultural, environmental, and
other products to benefit society. - With the United States as the current world
leader in the research, development, and
commercialization of biotechnology products,
biotechnology offers many exciting career
opportunities across a multitude of industries.
14Careers in Biotechnology
Occupation Median Annual Earnings Growth Rate Typical Education
Veterinary Technologist and Technicians 22,900 39 Associate Degree
Technical Writers 50,600 30 Bachelors Degree or Higher
Biological Technicians 32,700 26 Associate degree
Biochemists and Biophysicists 60,400 21 Bachelors degree or Higher
Agricultural and Food science Technicians 28,600 15 Associate Degree
15Something to thing about..
- With the advances in biotechnology, soon we may
have designer babies. Is this good or bad? Many
ethical questions will and have arrived along
with all this wonderful knowledge. - If you were pregnant with your first child and
you could have an amniocentesis would you? If you
do and find out the infant is going to be grossly
retarded would you keep the baby or have an
abortion? - With knowledge comes much responsibility.
- Think about it.