BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING A New, Promising Interdisciplinary Field

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BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING A New, Promising
Interdisciplinary Field
Mohamed Bingabr, Ph.D.ProfessorDepartment of
Engineering and Physics University of Central
Oklahoma
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ENGINEERING Versus SCIENCE

• Scientist strive to create new knowledge about
  how things work.
• Engineers understand well science and mathematics
  and utilize them to solve problems for public and
  economic gain.

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WHAT IS BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

• According to the working definition of the
  National Institutes of Health (NIH), The
  application of concepts and methods of
  engineering, biology, medicine, physiology,
  physics, materials science, chemistry,
  mathematics and computer sciences to develop
  methods and technologies to solve health problems
  in humans.

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WHAT IS BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

• According to the United States Department of
  Labor, Apply knowledge of engineering, biology,
  and biomechanical principles to the design,
  development, and evaluation of biological and
  health systems and products, such as artificial
  organs, prostheses, instrumentation, medical
  information systems, and heath management and
  care delivery systems.

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Disciplines of Biomedical Engineering
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Disciplines of Biomedical Engineering

• Bioinstrumentation
• Methods for obtaining invasive and noninvasive
  measurements from the human body, organs, cells,
  and molecules.
• Electronic instrumentation, principles of analog
  and digital signal processing
• Measurement concept such as accuracy,
  reproducibility, noise suppression, calibration
  methods, safety requirements.

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Disciplines of Biomedical Engineering

• Biomaterials (Tissue Engineering)
• Design and development of materials derived from
  natural sources for medical devices and
  diagnostic products, tissue engineering, organ
  engineering, and drug delivery.
• Biomechanics
• Cover both biofluid and biosolid mechanics at the
  molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ-system
  levels.

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Disciplines of Biomedical Engineering

• Biosignals (Medical Informatics)
• Signal analysis ( statistics and transform) of
  biological signals
• Use data to uncover the mechanisms of signal
  production, and the fundamental origins of the
  variability in the signal.
• Data collection and analysis to assist in
  decision making.

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Disciplines of Biomedical Engineering

• Biosystems
• Molecules and cells are the building blocks of
  organ systems.
• Integrate properties of biological systems with
  engineering tools of system analysis to
  understand physiological relationships.

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Disciplines of Biomedical Engineering

• Biotransport
• Cover transport processes from the organ to the
  subcellular level.
• Transport of mass, momentum, and energy.
• Transport of ions, proteins, viruses, and drug.

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Disciplines of Biomedical Engineering

• Cellular Engineering
• Develops and communicates quantitative
  biochemical and biophysical design principles
  that govern cell function.
• Control metabolism, signaling, regulation,
  proliferation, migration, and differentiation.

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Disciplines of Biomedical Engineering

• Clinical Engineering
• Managing diagnostic and laboratory equipment in
  the hospital.
• Rehabilitation Engineering
• Works directly with patients such as disabled
  individuals to modifies or designs new equipment
  to achieve a better standard of life.

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Homework 1

• Pick any of the listed tracks for biomedical
  engineering (instrumentation, clinical, material,
  imaging) and write a two-page paper about an
  invention, current research, or instrument used
  in diagnosis, treatment, or improving a health
  problem.
• Due Thursday 1/26/2017

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WHAT DO BME STUDENTS LEARN

• Basic biology and human physiology
• Basic chemistry knowledge and laboratory
  techniques.
• Physics and Engineering principles
• Knowledge of biomaterials, biomechanics and
  related fields

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WHAT DO BME STUDENTS LEARN

• Latest instrumentation and methodologies in
  biomedical engineering
• Use computers in a biomedical setting
• Research experience in biomedical settings
• Practical biomedical engineering experience
  through industrial internships and biomedical
  design projects

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CAREER OPPORTUNITIES

• Pharmaceutical Company as a process engineer
  Equipment design, producing new drug.
• Clinical engineering in hospital
• Graduate School Research
• Medical School M.D./Ph.D. (Funded by NIH)

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JOBS FOR BME GRADUATES

• Design, construct, and test medical devices such
  as cardiac pacemakers, defibrillators, artificial
  kidneys, blood oxygenators, hearts, blood
  vessels, joints, arms, and legs.
• Design computer systems to monitor patients
  during surgery or in intensive care.

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JOBS FOR BME GRADUATES

• Design and Build sensors to measure blood
  pressure and blood chemistry, such as potassium,
  sodium, 02, CO2, and pH.
• Design instruments and devices for therapeutic
  uses, such as a laser system for eye surgery or a
  device for automated delivery of insulin.
• Construct and implement mathematical/computer
  models of physiological systems.

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JOBS FOR BME GRADUATES

• Establish and maintain clinical laboratories and
  other units within the hospital and health care
  delivery system that utilize advanced technology.
  
• Design, build and investigating medical imaging
  systems based on X-rays (computer assisted
  tomography), isotopes (position emission
  tomography), magnetic fields (magnetic resonance
  imaging), ultrasound, or newer modalities.

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JOBS FOR BME GRADUATES

• Design and construct biomaterials and determine
  the mechanical, transport, and biocompatibility
  properties of implantable artificial materials.
• Implement new diagnostic procedures, especially
  those requiring engineering analyses to determine
  parameters that are not directly accessible to
  measurements, such as in the lungs or heart.

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U.S. Department of Labor Projections Jobs
Discipline 2014 2024 Biomedical
22,100 27,200 23 Computer 79,000 82,000 5 Elect
rical 315,000 315,000 0 Mechanical 277,500 291,5
00 5 Biologist 87,000 95,000 9 Chemist 98,400 1
01,000 3
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U.S. Department of LaborEARNING
Discipline 2015 Biomedical Engineering
86,220 Mechanical Engineering
83,590 Electrical Engineering
95,200 Biologist 59,680 Chemists
72,610 http//www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_nat.htm
19-0000
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BME CURRICULUM PROGRAM AT UCO

• Biology 11 hours
• Chemistry 10 hours
• Engineering 51 hours
• Math and Computer Science 18 hours
• Physics 14 hours
• BME Technical Electives 15 hours
• Total 126 hours

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BME COURSES AT UCO

• Principle of Biomedical Engineering (3)
• Applications of physics and engineering
  principles to biomedical systems
• Study of biomedical functions of the human body
  using mechanics, electricity and magnetism,
  optics, and thermodynamics
• Responses of human biomedical functions to
  different bioengineering applications

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BME COURSES AT UCO

• Biomedical Instrumentation (3)
• Sensors and Principle
• Amplifier and Signal Processing
• Origin of Biopotential
• Biopotential Electrode and Amplifier
• Clinical Laboratory Instrument
• Therapeutic And Prosthetic Devices

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BME COURSES AT UCO

• Medical Imaging (3)
• Signals and Systems
• Image Quality
• Physics of Radiography
• Projection Radiography
• Physics of Magnetic Resonance
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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BME COURSES AT UCO

• Medical Engineering Laboratory (2)
• -Electromyogram Measurement and Analysis (EMG)
• Electrocardiogram and Pulses (ECG)
• Ultrasound to Evaluate Pulmonary Function
• Extracellular Stimulation and Recording of Action
  Potential from Frog Sciatic Nerve

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BME COURSES AT UCO

• BioMechanic (3)
• Application of mechanics to describe the
  cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems.
• Biological Transport Processes
• Interrelationship between biomechanics and
  physiology in medicine, surgery
• Design of prosthetic devices.

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BME RESEARCH AND FACULTY AT UCO

• Cancer Treatment Using Selective Photothermal
  Interactions (Dr. Wei Chen)
• Cochlear Implant and Image Transmission (Dr.
  Mohamed Bingabr)
• Image Quality and MRI Image Construction (Dr.
  Yuhao Jiang)
• Biofluid Mechanics (Dr. Evan Lemley)
• Microfluidics, Instrumentation, Diagnosis (Dr.
  Robi Hossan)
• Musculoskeletal Mechanics Biomaterials (Dr.
  Morshed Khandaker)
• Cellular and Tissue Biomechanics (Dr. Gang Xu)

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FURTHER INFORMATION ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

• Biomedical Engineering Handbook
• Related Web Sites
• Biomedical Engineering Society
• http//mecca.org/BME/BMES/society/
• The Whitaker Foundation for BME
• http//www.whitaker.org/
• US Department of Labor
• https//www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes172031.htm

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THE END