Units and Measurement

1
Units and Measurement

• Units of concentration
• ppmM (for solids and Liquids)
• ppmV (For gases, consider Temp Pressure)
• difference between mg/L and ppm
• Molarity
• Molality
• Normality (Concept of Equvalent weight)
• Acid and Bases (pH -Log10H
• Weak acid (less than 100 dissociation)
• Strong Acids (100 dissociation)
• Buffers

2
Mass Balance

• Batch Reactor
• CSTR
• First Order Kinetics
• Zero Order Kinetics

3
Dissolution of gases in Water

• Henrys Law
• XA KHpA
• Important to remember XA is mole fraction of gas
  in water

4
Toxicity Dose Response

• Mutagen

Carcinogen (attacks Somatic Cells)
Teratogen attacks Germ Cel
Lead to Cancer (not death necessarily)
Transmissible to Progeny
5
Methods to Test Toxicity

• Epidermiologic Data Analysis
• From past incidences
• Love Canal, Kippon Disaster, Chernobile, Bhopal
• Controlled Animal Testing
• Use of bacteria to Chipms
• Controlled Human Studies
• Doctors office (the free Treatment)

6
Dose Response Curve

• Points to Remember
• Carcinogen No Threshold
• LD50 50 of subject dies

7
How to Calculate Cancer Risk

• Risk CDI Potency factor
• CDI Chronic Daily Dose
• CDI

8
Water Quality

• Soilds
• Total dissolved solids
• Suspended Solids
• Volatile Suspended Soilds
• Liquid
• Hardness
• Alkalinity
• BOD, BODu, BOD5, BODt

9
More on Water Quality
ThoD Theoretical Oxygen Demand
BODt BODu(1-e-k1t)
Temperature Dependence of BOD KTK20?(T-20)
10
Steeter Phelps Equation

• How to find critical DO and the distance when it
  happens