Ocean Energy

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Ocean Energy
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Where do we get our energy?

• Fossil Fuels
• Coal
• Oil
• Natural Gas
• Nuclear Power
• Solar
• Wind
• Hydroelectric
• Geothermal

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(No Transcript)
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Why Do We Need Alternative Energy?

• Ecological Necessity
• Oceanic Effects of Increasing CO2 Concentrations
• Economic Necessity
• Fossil fuels becoming scarcer

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• Tidal
• Waves
• OTEC
• SWAC
• Biofuels

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La Rance tidal power plant at St. Malo, France.
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Wave Energy
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Wave Energy
Oceanlinx
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Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)
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Sea Water Air Conditioning (SWAC)
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Marine AlgaeCompelling Advantages

• Algae Consume CO2, a Major Greenhouse Gas
• Do Not Use Fresh Water
• Do Not Require Arable Land
• Grow Very Rapidly
• Represent a New Source of Fuel
• Represent a New Source of Animal Food
• Historical Footnote - Most of Our Old Fuels
  (i.e., Fossil Fuels) Were Produced by
• MARINE ALGAE!

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Reported yields for biomass crops
Biomass (Mt/ha/yr) Oil-content ( dry mass) Bio-diesel (Mt/ha/yr) Bio-diesel (bbl/ha/yr)
1-2.5 20 0.2-0.5 1.4-3.5
3 40 1.2 8.2
19 20 3.7 26.4
7.5-10 30-50 2.2-5.3 16-38
140-255 35-65 86.6 350-700
Note 1Mt bio-diesel equals 1,136 litres
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A Petroleum-Free Hawaii?
PlantFeedstock Oil Production(bbl acre-1 y-1) Required Area (acres)
Soybean 1.14 8,736,000
Rapeseed 3.02 3,298,000
Oil Palm 15.10 660,000
Microalgae 175.00 54,300
Hawaiis transportation fuel consumption is
26,000 bbl/day (9,500,000 bbl/year)
Kahoolawe is 28,000 acres
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Kona Pilot Facilityprove the concept

• 2010
• 2.5 ha
• Freeze initial set of technologies
• Show that a facility can produce large amounts
  of algae and can be
• NPV-positive
• Energy-positive
• CO2-negative