CE403 Construction Methodology

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CE403 Construction Methodology

• Steel Construction

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Metals History

• 500 BC - wrought iron in Greece
• 6th Century wrought iron in China
• 1640s 1st successful iron works in U.S.
  (Saugus, Mass.)
• 1856 Bessemer Process
• 1867 Eads Bridge
• 1920 Arc Welding

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Elements of Steel Construction

• Advanced Planning
• Steel Fabrication Delivery to the Jobsite
• Field Operations

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Field Operations

• Receiving Unloading
• Yarding- Unloading Temp Storage
• Sorting or Shaking Out Identify each member
  store in organized manner.
• Inspecting
• Staging Area adjacent to the work face
• Erecting

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Steel Erection Systems
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Camber Sweep
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Types of Steel

• A36 Carbon Structural Steel, FY 36 ksi
• A572 High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel,
  FY 42 ksi or 65 ksi
• A588 Corrosion-Resistant High-Strength Low-Alloy
  Structural Steel, FY 42 ksi or 65 ksi

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Rolled Steel Shapes
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Rolled-Steel Shape Designations

• W Shape W24x62 24 is depth, 62 is weight
• Channel C10 x 15.3 10 is depth, 15.3 is weight
• Angle L5 x 3 x ¼ 5 and 3 are leg lengths, ¼ is
  leg thickness

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Open-Web Steel Joist
K-series range in depth from 8 to 30
designed to span up to 60 LH-series (Long span)
range in depth from 18 to 48 can span up to
96 require 4-6 of end bearing
surface. DLH-series (deep long span) range in
depth from 56 to 72 can span up to 144 same
bearing requirements as LH
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Type of Joist Ends
Long spans (LH) and deep long spans (DLH)
typically require end bearing lengths
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Steel Connection Methods
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Steel Connection Methods

• Drivers
• Constructability
• Weld in shop bolt in field
• Economy
• Structural Integrity
• Local Practice

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High-Strength Steel Bolts
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Tension Control Bolts
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Welding Techniques

• Majority classified as either
• Arc Welding depends on heat of an electric arc
  established between an electrode and the
  components to be welded.
• Resistance Welding a shop process in which the
  components are butted together and heat is
  generated in the seam by resistance of the metal
  to passage of an electric current.

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Welding Techniques

• Oxygen and Nitrogen in the air will produce a
  brittle weld.
• Most arc processes shield the weld area from
  atmospheric contamination with a cloud of inert
  gas (most common gas in U.S. helium. Argon is
  another alternative).
• Shielded metal arc welding most common arc
  process.
• Uses a consumable metal stick electrode that is
  melted by the arc, deposits filler metal in the
  weld, and releases an inert gas around a weld
  area. TIG welding uses only a consumable filler.

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Stick Welding
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MIG Welding
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TIG Welding
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Welded Connections
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Welds
Groove and Butt Joint Variations
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Welds
Single and Double Groove Joint Variations
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Weld Types
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Orbital Welding
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Fireproofing
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Steel Plans
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Steel Plans
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Column Splices
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Beam-Column Connections
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Beam-Column Connections
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Steel Beam Systems
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Steel Beam Systems
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Beam-Column Connections
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Beam-Column Connections
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Beam-Girder Connections
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Beam-Girder Connections
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Moment or Shear Connection?
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Moment or Shear Connection?
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Moment or Shear Connection?
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Moment or Shear Connection?
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Metal Decking
Form Decking
Composite Decking
Cellular Decking
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Safety

• Steel Erection is a hazardous construction task.

• Causes of Accidents Among Structural Steel
  Workers 2006 OSHA
• Contact with Object 51.1
• Falls 19.
• Overexertion15.0

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Protective Equipment

• Hard Hats, Gloves
• Eye Protection for worker engaged in welding,
  cutting, and chipping operations
• Protective measures against falls.
• Temporary floors with guard rails, where
  possible.
• Lifelines (Lanyards) and safety belts
• safety nets

Body Harnesses
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Site Hazards

• Weather
• Gusty Winds
• Wet, Icy Conditions
• Dirt, Oil, Loose Debris, Ice, Wet Paint.

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Innovative Steel Joining Technologies
Mortise
ATLSS System
Tenon
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3M VHB Tape
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