Abnormal Psychology

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Abnormal Psychology

• Dr. David M. McCord
• Personality Disorders

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• DSM-IV Classification Categories
• Disorders Usually First Evident in Infancy,
  Childhood, or Adolescence
• Delirium, Dementia, and Amnestic and Other
  Cognitive Disorders
• Substance-Related Disorders
• Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
• Mood Disorders
• Anxiety Disorders
• Somatoform Disorders
• Dissociative Disorders
• Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders
• Sleep Disorders
• Eating Disorders
• Factitious Disorders
• Adjustment Disorders
• Impulse Control Disorders
• Personality Disorders

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• Personality

Enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and
thinking about the environment and
oneselfexhibited in a wide variety of important
social and personal contexts. -- DSM-IV
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The Big Five Personality Factors

• E Extraversion, Energy, Enthusiasm
• Social vs retiring, fun-loving vs sober
• A Agreeableness, Altruism, Affection
• Trusting vs suspicious, helpful vs uncooperative
• C Conscientiousness, Control, Constraint
• Organized vs disorganized, careful vs careless
• N Neuroticism, Nervousness, Negative
  affectivity
• Calm vs anxious, secure vs insecure
• O Openness, Originality, Open-mindedness
• Imaginative vs practical, indepdendent vs
  conforming

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• When traits become inflexible, maladaptive, and
  cause significant functional impairment or
  subjective distress, they make up personality
  disorders.

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• Recognized by adolescence or earlier, continue
  through most of adult life
• Behaviors must be characteristic of persons
  recent past (past year) and long-term functioning
• Constellation of behaviors or traits causes
  either significant functional impairment or
  subjective distress
• Traits may be ego-syntonic or ego-dystonic
• Usually not hospitalized
• May co-exist with an Axis I disorder or with
  another (Axis II) personality disorder

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• Chronic
• Lifelong pattern that doesnt vary much,
  characterized by rigidity, decrease in adaptive
  behaviors, and an overutilization of one set or
  type of responses to external situations
• Not neurotic or psychotic
• Anxiety is not a major etiological component. No
  major distortion of reality (hallucinations,
  delusions). Is able to function in social,
  professional, interpersonal spheres to some
  degree.
• But not normal something is wrong.

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Personality Disorders

• Cluster A odd, eccentric
• Paranoid Personality Disorder
• Schizoid Personality Disorder
• Schizotypal Personality Disorder
• Cluster B dramatic, emotional, erratic
• Antisocial Personality Disorder
• Borderline Personality Disorder
• Histrionic Personality Disorder
• Narcissistic Personality Disorder
• Cluster C anxious, fearful
• Avoidant Personality Disorder
• Dependent Personality Disorder
• Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
• (Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder
  DSM-III-R)

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Personality Disorders

• Cluster A odd, eccentric
• Paranoid Personality Disorder
• Tendency to interpret the actions of others as
  deliberately demeaning or threatening
• Schizoid Personality Disorder
• Pattern of indifference to social relationships,
  restricted range of emotional experience and
  expression
• Schizotypal Personality Disorder
• Pattern of peculiarities of ideation, appearance,
  and behavior, deficits in interpersonal
  relatedness

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Personality Disorders

• Cluster C anxious, fearful
• Avoidant Personality Disorder
• Pattern of social discomfort, fear of negative
  evaluation, timidity
• Dependent Personality Disorder
• Pattern of dependent and submissive behavior
• Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
• Pattern of perfectionism and inflexibility
• --------------------------------------------------
  ----------
• (Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder
  DSM-III-R)
• Pattern of passive resistance to the demands of
  adequate social and occupational functioning

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Personality Disorders

• Cluster B dramatic, emotional, erratic
• Antisocial Personality Disorder
• Pattern of irresponsible and antisocial behavior
• Borderline Personality Disorder
• Pattern of instability of self-image,
  interpersonal relationships, and mood
• Histrionic Personality Disorder
• Pattern of excessive emotionality and
  attention-seeking
• Narcissistic Personality Disorder
• Pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior),
  hypersensitivity to the evaluation of others, and
  lack of empathy

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Impulse Control Disorders

• Intermittent Explosive Disorder
• Discrete episodes of failure to resist aggressive
  impulses resulting in serious assaults or
  destruction of property
• Kleptomania
• Recurrent failure to resist impulses to steal
  objects not needed for personal use or monetary
  value
• Pyromania
• Pattern of fire-setting for pleasure,
  gratification, or relief of tension

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Impulse Control Disorders

• Pathological Gambling
• Recurrent and persistent maladaptive gambling
  behavior
• Trichotillomania
• Recurrent pulling out of ones hair for pleasure,
  gratification, or relief of tension that results
  in noticeable hair loss