The First Industrial Revolution

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The First Industrial Revolution
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Overview of the Causes

• Trade Disruption
• Population Growth
• Transportation Improvements
• Scarce Skilled Craftsmen
• Protected Markets
• Borrowed Technology

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Origins of the Industrial Revolution

• Trade Disruption
• Population Growth
• Transportation Improvements

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Origins II

• Scarce Skilled Craftsmen
• Protected Markets

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Origins III

• Borrowed Technology
• Richard Arkwrights Water Frame
• Samuel Slater

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Slater and the First Textile Mill
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Slaters Mill
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Borrowed Technology

• Power Loom
• Francis Cabot Lowell

Silhouette of Francis Cabot Lowell
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Power Loom Weaver
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Lowell Textile Mills
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Lowell Textile Mills
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Borrowed Technology

• Canals
• British Invention
• Erie Canal
• Canvass White

Early Canals
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Erie Canal
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Borrowed Technology

• Railroads
• British Invention

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Industrializations Regional Development

• Geographic Concentration
• Regional Contrasts
• Northeast
• South
• West

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Transportation Revolution

• Overview
• Improved/Toll Road
• Canals
• Steamboats
• Railroads

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Improved/Toll Roads

• Old National Road
• Source of Capital
• Type of Goods Moved
• Defects

Building of the National Road , 1811-18
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Rivers Versus Canals
Water Ways One Way Slow Light Goods Costly N/S Direction
Canals Two Way Faster Heavy Goods Cheaper E/W Direction
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Erie Canal

• Geography
• Construction and Cost
• Impact Canal Boom

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Erie Canal
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Steamboats

• Robert Fulton
• Clermont
• Impact

Clermont
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Railroads

• Source of Capital
• Government Promotion
• Rapid Growth

Land Grants for Railroad Building
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• Impact of Railroads
• Time
• Transportation Costs

Abandoned Railroad Line
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Impact of Industrialization

• Changes in Work
• Immigration

Immigrants to the US, 1887
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Immigration to the US, 1830-1990
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• Two Chief Groups Irish and Germans

Stamp US Postage Adopted in 1999
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Impact of Industrialization

• Urbanization
• Growth of Towns and Cities

Chicago, 1860
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Impact of Industrialization

• US Social Structure
• Stratified Society
• Growing Inequality
• One Cause Low Wages
• ----Horace Greely (New York Tribune)
• 4. Paradoxical Society
• -----Alex de Tocqueville

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Growing Economic Inequality
Tenements in Slums
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The Industrial Revolution in Perspective

• US Still a Rural Society
• Comparison with Britain
• US Still an Agrarian Society