Anatomy

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Chapter 1

• Anatomy Physiology
• Fifth Edition
• Seeley/Stephens/Tate
• (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

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• 
  BIOLOGY 2870
• 
  Anatomy and Physiology
• 
  Summer Term 2002
• Instructor Dr. Curtis Greene
• Office 2110 Biological Sciences Bldg.
• Office Hours By appointment
• E-mail curtisg477_at_aol.com
• Lecture (All sections)
• Room 2009 Science
• Time 430 - 605 T-Th
• Laboratory Room 415 Natural Sciences Building
• Time varies with section number (see schedule
  of classes to confirm your lab time
• Laboratory syllabus will be given to students
  at the first class meeting
• Required lab materialsdissecting tools (kit)
  and latex gloves

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• Optional Study Material
• Student Study Guide for Anatomy Physiology
• 5 SUP th
• Ed. by Tate , et al 2000
• Course Website TBA
• Course Description
• This course is a comprehensive survey of the
  structures that make the human body and the
  functions of those structures. The laboratory
  portion of this course emphasizes the anatomy of
  the body, from the cells and tissues to the
  organization of organs into body wide systems
  performing highly specialized functions. The
  lectures will focus on the physiology of those
  cells, tissues, and organs that compose the body.
  Interdependence, control, (regulation), and
  balance of tissue and organ function will be
  constant themes throughout this course.
• Exams and Grading
• Grading in this course is base on the following
  exercises
• 3 lecture exams 145 (worth 45, 50, 50
  points respectively)
• 3 lab practical exams 120 ( worth 40 points
  each)
• 2 lab quizzes 20 ( worth 10 points each)
• 3 lab assignments 15 ( worth 5 points
  each)
• 300 total points

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• How to earn a good grade ( helpful hints)
• This is a 5 credit course. For each credit earned
  - as established by the University - you are
  expected to spend 3 hours minimum per week
  reading, learning, and studying. So, for this
  class, 5 credits translates to a minimum of 15
  hours per week. Seven hours a week are spent in
  the class, lecture, and lab leaving a least 8
  hours per week for study outside of class. Make
  sure you schedule that much study time outside of
  class because there is an extremely large volume
  of reading and study material associated within
  this course. You should read and study the
  material before the lecture, you will get more
  out lecture if you do.we will cover about 2
  chapters per week. The lecture exams will be
  based on material covered in lecture. Lecture
  exams test for understanding and application of
  ideals and concepts, not memorization of details.
  You memorize for lab, not for lecture. Remember,
  lab is worth half of your grade and based on past
  experience, its worth all the extra time
  memorizing the anatomy. Mastery of the anatomy
  just takes a lot of repetitive memorization, so,
  stay in your lab for the full 2 hours each class
  and just keep repeating those terms over and over
  again. Schedule lab time for review of old stuff,
  dont just do the new exercise and leave. If you
  do the work your lab score will bring up your
  over-all course score.
• Add/Drop Policy
• Course add forms will not be signed by the
  instructor after the start of the term except for
  the purpose of changing sections when
  appropriate. Course drop forms will not be signed
  after Friday July 26.

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• COURSE TOPICS AND CHAPTERS (tentative)
• Lecture Date Lecture Topic Text
  Chapters Pages
• T 5/7 (L1) Anatomy/Physiology/Homeostasis 1
  all
• Th 5/9 (L2) Chemistry of Life, Cells 2 all
• T 5/14 (L3) Cellular Anatomy
  Physiology 358-8525840-847
• Th 5/16 (L4) Tissues 4 103-128
• T 5/2 (L5) Skin 5
  all4129-13125855-6
• Th 5/23 (L6) Bones,Joints,CaBalance 6all82
  25-23118556-561
• T 5/28 (L7) Electro physiology 9 256-271
• Th 5/30 (L8) skeletal Muscle Structure
  Physiology 10 276-301
• T 6/4 (L9) Nervous TissueFunction
  Organization CNS 12 all 13 385-390,420-423
• Th 6/6 (L10) CNS Efferent PNS 13390-394400
  -405

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• Th 6/13 (L12) Afferent PNS Special Senses 15
  all
• T 6/18 (L14) Endocrinology 9249,254-517527
  -53318all
• Th 6/20 (L15) Cardiovascular System
  Blood 19583-598
• T 6/25 (L16) Cardiovascular System The
  Heart 20 all
• Th 6/27 (L17) Cardiovascular System Peripheral
  Circulation 21 647-651,671-697
• T 7/2 (L18) Lymphatic System Immunity 4
  128-922703-727
• Th 7/4 July 4 RECESS
• T 7/9 Lecture Exam 2 (covers L12-L18)
• Th 7/11 (L19) Respiration 23 all
• T 7/16 (L20) Digestion 24 all
• Th 7/18 (L21) Kidney Function 26 all 27 all
• T 7/23 (L22) Human Reproduction 28 all
• Th 7/25 (L23) Human Reproduction 29 981-985

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Ch.1 Introduction

• Course Objectives
• To learn how the human body works starting from
  its molecular and atomic levels up to clinical
  implications.
• Introduction
• What is Anatomy?
• It is the scientific discipline that investigates
  the bodys structure.
• It includes the studies of
• Cytology which studies structural features of
  cells.
• Histology studies tissues and cells.
• Gross anatomy
• Systemic anatomy
• Etc.

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• What is Physiology?
• It is the scientific investigation of the
  regulatory functions of anatomical structures
  through homeostasis.
• Since anatomical structures are at different
  degrees of organization, physiology may also be
  sub-divided according to its level of
  organization, i.e
• Cell Physiology investigates common functions
  of cells.
• Organ Physiology studies specific organs e.g.
  renal physiology, cardiac physiology, etc..
• System Physiology - investigates specific organ
  systems i.e., respiration physiology,
  reproductive physiology etc..
• Pathological Physiology studies the effects of
  illness on organ or system functions as well as
  cells and tissues.

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• Structural and Functional Organization
• The body can be considered conceptually at seven
  structural levels
• Chemical
• Organelle
• Cell
• Tissue
• Organ
• Organ System
• Organism

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Homeostasis

• Is the existence and maintenance of a relatively
  constant environment within the body.
• .
• The normal functions of each cell depends on the
  maintenance of its fluid environment within a
  narrow range of conditions, including volume,
  temperature, and chemical content. These
  conditions are called variables because their
  values can change.
• Homeostasis is the maintenance of a variable
  around an ideal normal value or set point. The
  value of the variable fluctuates around the set
  point, establishing a normal range of values.
• Organ systems helps to control the internal
  environment so that it remains relatively
  constant. If the fluid surrounding cells deviates
  from homeostasis, the cells do not function
  normally and can even die.

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Negative-Feedback

• Most systems of the body are regulated by
  negative-feedback mechanisms that maintain
  homeostasis.
• Negative means that any deviation from the set
  point is made smaller or is resisted.
• Many negative feedback mechanisms have three
  components
• Receptor which monitors the values of some
  variables.
• Control Center establishes the set point around
  which the variable.
• Effector can change the value of the variable
  ( produces a response)
• A deviation from the set point is called a
  stimulus.

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Positive-Feedback

• Positive feedback responses are not homeostatic
  and are rare in healthy individuals.
• Positive implies that when a deviation from the
  normal values occurs. The response of the system
  is to make the deviation even greater.
• Positive feedback therefore usually creates a
  vicious cycle leading away from homeostasis and
  in some cases, resulting in death.

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The End.