The First High-Level Biofuels

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by
AFRICAN UNION
UNIDO
A joint activity of the African Union
Commission, Brazilian Government and UNIDO.

• The First High-Level Biofuels
• Seminar in Africa
• 30 July 1 August 2007, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Presentation on Industrial Application of Biogas
Technology in Africa
JOHN AFARI-IDAN, An International Expert -
Biogas Technology in Africa Team Leader, ARSCP
Biofuel Task Team For Africa

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Feed Stocks

• Industrial solid and liquid Wastes
• Agricultural residues and manure
• Municipal Solid Waste
• Domestic and Commercial Liquid waste
• Health Care Waste
• Human wastes (normally considered as part of
  domestic waste generation in industry)

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Sources of Feed Stocks (1)

• Restaurants and Hotels
• Tourist Areas
• Stadia
• Educational Institutions
• Police, Military and Prisons Barracks
• Municipal Sewage

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Sources of Feed Stocks (2)

• Meat and Agro-processing Industries
• Abattoirs
• Fish and Animal Husbandry
• Real Estates

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Conversion Technologies

• Broad Classification of Digester Types
• Covered Lagoons
• Balloon Plants
• Fixed-Dome Plants
• Floating Drums
• Design Characteristics
• Continues Feed
• Batch Feed

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Digester Characteristics
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The African Experience

• Kenya
• Lesotho
• South Africa
• Namibia
• Sudan
• Nigeria
• Burundi

• Rwanda
• Botswana
• Uganda
• Ghana
• Guinea

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Integrated Approach - BTWAL the Ghanaian
Experience

• Segregates hi-BOD process effluent at source
• Segregates degradable fractions of municipal
  solid wastes and solid process wastes at source
• Integrates all bio-wastes and sewage in the
  anaerobic digesters to maximize biogas
  production(Sewage providing the best substrate
  for the indigestion process)
• Recycles treated wastewater for less critical
  application, water conservation, liquid
  fertilizer production for periurban organic
  framing

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The BTWAL Technology Components

• The Bio-digester (s)
• The Expansion Chambers
• Filtration Beds
• UV Water Treatment System
• Treated Effluent storage
• Biogas Recovery Balloon
• Biogas end-use accessories

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A large scale application for an
under-construction university in Ghana (15,000
student population)
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Sections of the University Building under
Construction
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Completed biogas plant -Health-care Industry
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Completed biogas plantFood Processing Industry
THE BIOGAS PLANT AT THE NESTLE FACTORY, TEMA -
GHANA
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Biogas Use Cooking at the Valley View
University, Accra
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BIOGAS ELECTRICITY GENERATOR at the Abattoir in
Ferkessedougou, Ivory Coast
15KW BIOGAS GENERATOR POWER UNIT
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REFRIDGERATION
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Biogas Technology Opportunities

• Problems of current waste handing practices
• Increasing need of alternative energy sources to
  address energy security
• Potential for methane emissions reduction and
  climate mitigation technologies
• Sustainable use of nutrients and energy resources
  in waste materials

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Potential Industrial Application of the BTWAL
Approach

• Abattoir
• Food industry
• Health-care Industry
• Housing Industry
• Hospitality Industry
• Sewage Treatment Plant

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The Abattoir
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Hospital Industry
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Housing Industry
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Hospitality industry
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Substitution of Waste Water Treatment
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Substitution of raw Sewage disposal into wetlands
and large marine (e.g. the sea) ecosystem
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Substitution of Industrial Waste Treatment
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Substitution of Septic Tanks in Real Estate
Development
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Substitution of Extended Aeration Plant
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Municipal Solid Waste65 of which is
Biodegradable
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Broken-Down Aerators (STP)
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Cesspool Emptying
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SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS

• Meets the 3R Principles
• Reduction of water use at source
• Recovery of degradable organic fractions of solid
  waste
• Recovery of residual energy in bio-waste for
  biogas generation
• Recycle of 60 total water component of digester
  feed
• Re-use the energy resources

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DIRECT ECONOMIC BENEFITS

• Avoid Cost of Constructing Septic Tank for new
  projects
• Reduce cost of transportation to landfills
• Reduce portable water use at source from cistern
  modification
• Recycle and Reuse treated wastewater for
• WCs re-flushing
• Irrigation and land scaping
• Equivalent LPG of Biogas for cooking and
  refrigeration of essential drugs

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Environment, Health and Sanitation Benefits

• Avoidance of odour nuisance from Septic Emptying
  and off-site transportation
• Elimination of seasonal overflows of septic
  tanks
• Avoidance of off-site dumping of Hi-BOD load
  sewage in ecosystems
• Recovery of residual energy resource in sewage
  for energy security
• Water conservation for water security
• Contribute to meeting MDG goals for poverty
  reduction

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Barriers to Industrial Applications

• Technical
• Human Resource
• Financial
• Communication

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PLAN OF ACTION FOR PENETRATION OF BIOGAS
TECHNOLOGIES APPLICATION

• Communication and Awareness creation
• Institutional Framework and capacity building
• Technical Capacity Building
• Design and construction
• Large Scale pre-Casting of modular digesters
• Knowledge Networking and Transfer
• Financial Resource Mobilization
• Patenting and Intellectual Property Right
• Demonstration Projects for integrated waste
  treatment with Biogas Power
• generation

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THANK YOU MERCI