Criminal

1
Chapter 1

• Criminal
• Justice
• Today

2
What is Crime?

• Crime
• 1. Violates criminal law.
• 2. Is punishable by criminal sanctions.

3
Learning Objective 1

• Describe the two most common models of how
  society determines which acts are criminal.

4
What is Crime? (LO 1)

• Consensus Model
• Society, though diverse, shares the same moral
  value system.
• Crimes violate this value system and are deemed
  harmful to society.

• Conflict Model
• Society is diverse and constantly engaged in a
  power struggle.
• Dominant groups in society codify their values
  into law.

5
Learning Objective 2

• Define crime and identify the different types of
  crime.

6
What is Crime? (LO 2)

• An Integrated Definition
• Punishable under criminal law as defined by a
  society.
• Considered an offense against society as a whole,
  and prosecuted by public officials.
• Punished by statutorily determined sanctions that
  bring about the loss of personal freedom.

7
Types of Crime (LO 2)

• Violent Crime
• Murder
• Sexual assault/rape
• Assault/battery
• Robbery

• Property Crime
• Burglary
• Larceny/theft
• Motor vehicle theft
• Arson

8
Types of Crime (LO 2)

• Public Order Crimes
• Behavior that has been
• labeled criminal
• because it is contrary to
• shared social values,
• customs and norms
• (e.g. public
• drunkenness).

• White Collar Crimes
• Illegal acts committed
• by an individual or
• business entity using
• some non-violent means
• to obtain a personal or
• business advantage
• (e.g. embezzlement).

9
Types of Crime (LO 2)
10
Types of Crime (LO 2)

• High Tech Crime

• Organized Crime

• Crimes directly related
• to the increased use of
• computers and
• technology by society.

• Illegal crimes by illegal
• organizations, geared
• towards satisfying the
• publics need for illegal
• goods and services.

11
Types of Crimes (LO 2)
12
The Criminal Justice System

• Goals of the Criminal Justice System
• To control crime
• To prevent crime
• To provide and maintain justice

13
Structure of the CJS

• Federalism is a form of government in which a
  written constitution provides for a division of
  powers between a central government and several
  regional governments.
• Ideals of federalism can be seen in the local,
  state, and federal levels of law enforcement.

14
Learning Objective 3

• Outline the three levels of law enforcement.

15
Structure of the CJS (LO 3)

• Local and County Law Enforcement
• Responsible for the nuts and bolts of law
  enforcement.
• State Law Enforcement
• Generally, there are both state police and
  highway patrols.
• Federal Law Enforcement
• Operates throughout the U.S.

16
Learning Objective 4

• List the essential elements of the corrections
  system.

17
Structure of the CJS (LO 4)

• Probation
• Jails
• Prisons
• Community-based corrections

18
The Criminal Justice Process

• Criminal justice as a system an orderly
  progression of events through a process comprised
  of agencies working together.
• Herbert Packer compared the idealized criminal
  justice process to an assembly line.

19
Formal vs Informal Criminal Justice

• Each step in the assembly line, which comprises
  the formal criminal justice system, is the result
  of a series of decisions that must be made by
  those who work in the CJS.
• When members of the criminal justice system
  exercise discretion, this produces an informal
  criminal justice system.

20
Discretion in the CJS
21
Learning Objective 5

• Describe the layers of the wedding cake model.

22
The Wedding Cake Model (LO 5)
23
Learning Objective 6

• Contrast the crime control and due process models.

24
Values of the CJS (LO 6)

• Crime Control Model
• A model of criminal
• justice that places
• primary emphasis on
• the rights of society to
• be protected from crime
• and violent offenders.

• Due Process Model
• A model of the criminal
• justice system that
• places primary
• emphasis on the rights
• of the individual to be
• protected from the
• power of government.

25
Criminal Justice Today

• Crime the Bottom Line
• The Impact of Law Enforcement
• The Scourge of Street Gangs
• Gun Sales and Gun Control
• The Illegal Drugs Problem
• White Collar Crime

26
Criminal Justice Today

• Crime and Punishment
• The Growing Prison Population
• The Economics of Incarceration
• Homeland Security and the Threat of Terrorism
• The Patriot Act
• Technology Fighting and Fueling Crime