What is Geography?

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What is Geography?

• Study of the earths
• surface,
• climate,
• continents,
• countries,
• peoples,
• industries and
• resources

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Geography influences

• Customs
• Products
• Industries
• Needs and methods of satisfying needs

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Geography impacts

• Countrys attractiveness to do business
• Marketing
• Location of manufacturing, distribution centers,
  retailers
• Shipping / distribution
• Feasibility of Importing parts, materials, goods
• Practicality of Distribution within country, to
  neighboring countries
• Methods, costs
• Availability of local suppliers
• Impact on product design, maintenance

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Geographic Factors Influencing Country
Attractiveness

• Location Continent, Hemisphere
• Boundaries
• Capital (population), Largest cities (population)
• Area Total
• Area Land
• Coast Line
• Average Daily Temperature
• Annual Rainfall

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• Population
• Population Growth rate, live births, birth rate
• Distribution of
• Age
• Gender
• Urban vs. rural
• Geographical areas
• Ethnic groups

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• Transportation and Communication
• Modes of surface transport, usage rates
• Ports
• Communication systems, types, availability, usage
  rate

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Assessing Geography for Doing Business in
Geographic Factor Denmark Norway
Natural Resources Wind, natural gas Oil, hydroelectric power
Terrain Low flat to gently rolling planes highest peak 173 meters controls Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas Glaciated fjords highest point 2469 meters long coastline 2/3rds mountains strategic location adjacent to sea lanes air routes in North Atlantic
Area 42,394 sq km (2X size of Massachusetts) (132) 324,220 sq km (slightly larger than New Mexico) (67)
Population 5,352,820 (105) ¼ of pop. Lives in greater Copenhagen 4,503,440 (115)
Climate Jan (35 F) Aug (63F) Jan (25F) Aug (64F)
Population Density (per sq. Km) 124 14 sparsely populated
Highways 71,474 km (48) 91,180 (40)
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Which Marketing Decisions Will Be Affected by
Geography for Starbucks, Krispy Kreme? (Sample)

• Where to locate? Urban or rural? Which Cities?
• Which part of the city? Central? Suburb?
• Should products be reformulated for climate,
  altitude? E.g. icing on donuts, baking
  temperatures
• Should hot or cold beverages be added, featured
  depending on climate?

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Which Marketing Decisions Will Be Affected by
Geography for Frito Lay Potato Chips? (Sample)

• Is climate, terrain suitable for growing
  potatoes? Any potato diseases? Farmland
  available?
• Should products be reformulated for climate,
  altitude? E.g. baking temperatures
• Are there sources for vegetable oil?
• Will products be distributed nationwide or only
  major cities? Which cities?
• Are roads adequate for distribution?

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Which Marketing Decisions Will Be Affected by
Geography for XBox? (Sample)

• What is the age distribution of population? How
  many in target market (12 35)?
• Are ports available to ship in product?
• Will products be distributed nationwide or only
  major cities? Which cities?