8 Parts of Speech

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8 Parts of Speech

1. Noun
2. Pronouns
3. Verbs
4. Adjectives
5. Adverbs
6. Prepositions
7. Conjunctions
8. Interjections

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Nouns (p. L39)

• A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or
  idea. Nouns answer the who or what in the
  sentence.
• There are 6 types of nouns
• 1. concrete name people, places, and things
  you can usually touch or see
• 2. abstract name ideas qualities
• 3. common names any person, place, or thing
• 4. proper names a particular person, place or
  thing (ALL proper nouns begin with a
  capital letter)
• 5. compound noun that includes more than one
  word EX. living room, home run,
  break-in, birdhouse, crosswalk
• 6. collective names a group of people or
  things EX. band, committee, league,
  family

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Pronouns (p. L47)

• A pronoun is a word that takes the place of one
  or more nouns.
• Personal Pronouns
• 1st person I, me, my, mine, we, us,
  our, ours
• 2nd person you, your, yours
• 3rd person he, him, his, she, her,
  hers, it, its, they, them, their, theirs

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Pronoun Antecedents

• A pronoun antecedent is the noun a pronoun refers
  to or replaces in a sentence.
• Ex. Dion said he couldnt go to the zoo.
• Pronoun he
• Pronoun antecedent Dion

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Pronoun Practice p. L47-48

1. Juanita brought her camera on the trip to the
   zoo.
2. Steve asked Juanita to take a picture of him.
3. Linda said, I enjoy the reptiles.
4. Gretchen and Margo said they were looking for the
   penguins.
5. Ms. Jackson told Henry that she liked to watch
   the monkeys.

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Pronouns (contd)

• Reflexive/Intensive pronouns refer to or
  emphasize another noun or pronoun.
• EX myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself,
  ourselves, yourselves, themselves
• Indefinite pronouns refer to unnamed people,
  places, things or ideas.
• EX another, anybody, anyone, anything, each,
  either, everybody, everyone, everything,
  much, neither, nobody, no one, one,
  somebody, someone, something, both, few, many,
  others, several, all, any, most, none, some

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Pronoun Practice p. L52-53

• In the early 1840s, adventurous settlers readied
  themselves for the overland trip to the West.
• Life in the Oregon country held new promise for
  them.
• The settlers themselves could never have
  anticipated all the hardships they encountered on
  the two-thousand mile Oregon Trail.

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Pronouns (contd)

• Demonstrative pronouns point out a specific
  person, place, thing, or idea.
• EX. this, that, these, those
• Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions.
• EX. what, which, who, whom, whose

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Pronoun Practice p. L57

1. Who is going to the dance on Saturday?
2. That is the most important question on our minds.
3. This is my outfit for the dance.
4. Of all my shoes, these will match my dress best.
5. What is the first song going to be?

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Verbs p. L69

• A verb is a word that expresses action or a state
  of being.
• An action verb tells what action a subject is
  performing.
• Action verbs show physical and mental action or
  show ownership

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Verbs p. L69

• A verb phrase includes a main verb plus any
  helping, or auxiliary, verbs.
• Ex. The whales will have migrated by October.
• The students could certainly learn more about the
  sea.
• Should our class visit the ocean?
• I have never seen a killer whale.

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Helping Verbs p. L70

• There are 23 most common helping verbs.
• be am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been
• have has, have, had
• do do, does, did
• Others may, might, must, can, could, shall,
  should, will, would

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Verb Practice p. L70-71

1. Dr. Lilly, a scientist from California, has been
   experimenting with dolphins for many years.
2. He has made some curious claims about them.
3. Dolphins have larger brains than humans.
4. Their language contains at least fifty thousand
   words.

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Verb Practice p. L71

• 5. Their brains can handle four different
  conversations at one time.
• 6. They can also judge between right and wrong.
• 7. Dolphins can remember sounds and series of
  sounds.
• 8. They can even communicate among themselves.

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Linking Verbs (to be verbs) p. L75

• A linking verb links the subject with another
  word in the sentence. The other word either
  renames or describes the subject.

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Common Forms of Be

• Be, is, am, are, was, were
• Shall be, will be, can be, could be, should be,
  would be, may be, might be
• Have been, has been, had been, could have been,
  should have been, may have been, might have been,
  must have been

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Additional Linking Verbs p. L76

• Appear
• Become
• Feel
• Grow
• Look
• Remain

• Seem
• Smell
• Sound
• Stay
• Taste
• Turn

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Linking Verb Practice p. L76-77

• My childhood on the farm was great.
• Childhood memories should be happy for everyone.
• My mother had been a city girl.
• My father could have been a doctor.
• Instead, he was a farmer.

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Linking Verb Practice p. L77

• The weather suddenly turned colder.
• The sky looks dark today.
• The clouds have grown thicker.
• The gentle breeze became a strong wind.
• The raindrops felt cold against my skin.
• The dog appeared quite upset.
• The thunder sounded very loud.

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Homework

• Complete Pronoun Verbs handouts
• Due Tuesday

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Adjectives/Adverbs
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ADJECTIVES P. L91 L101

• Word that modifies a noun or pronoun
• Describing words
• Questions adjectives answer
• What kind?
• Which one(s)?
• How many?
• How much?

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Adjectives contd

• Articles are also adjectives a, an, the
• Pronouns may be used as adjectives
• Ex. I think her graphic will certainly win a
• prize.
• Demonstrative, interrogative and indefinite
  pronouns can act as adjectives.
• In order for these pronouns to be adjectives, a
  noun must follow the pronoun.
• Ex. These boots are too large for me. (Adjective)
• Ex. These are too large for me. (Pronoun)

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Adjective practice

1. Laura bought a blue blouse with white trimmings.
2. Several athletes complained about the old
   stadium.

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ADJECTIVE EXAMPLES

• 3. The writer, tall and impressive,
• entered the auditorium.
• 4. Each one in the class will develop
• an original project.

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ADJECTIVE PRACTICE

• 5. This short story by Pearl Buck has a surprise
  ending.
• 6. If you are interested, I will show you my
  camera.

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ADVERBS P. L104-L110

• Modify adjectives, verbs, and other adverbs
• Questions adverbs answer
• Where?
• When?
• How?
• To what extent?
• Many end in ly however, many do not. (See chart
  p. L 104)
• Ex. Afterward, almost, alone, fast, hard, here,
  just, too, very, well, rather, sometimes,
  somewhere

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Adverb Examples

• 1. At the debate, you must speak clearly.
• 2. I almost finished my homework in an hour.

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Adverb Examples

• 3. I have often wondered about her past.
• 4. We have changed our minds completely.

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Adverb Examples

• 5. Our team plays hard.
• 6. I am not surprised.

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Adjective Adverb Homework

• October 19th Assignment
• In BK grammar book
• P. L92-L93 (1-10)
• P. L95-96 (1-12)
• P. L97-L98 (1-10)
• P. L101 (1-10)
• P. L110-L111 (1-20)
• Due Friday, October 23rd
• If you are struggling with these exercises, you
  need to attend BLAST. Remember, BLAST is offered
  Monday Thursday in room 142

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PREPOSITIONS p. L125-L131

• A word that shows the relationship between a noun
  or a pronoun and another word in the sentence
• EX. The letter to Lori was lost.
• Preposition to
• Shows a relationship between Lori and the letter
• Review list of prepositions on p. L125
• EX. The letter to Lori was lost.
• Preposition to
• Shows a relationship between Lori and the letter

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4 Uses of Prepositions

• Location Many prepositions tell where
• something is in relation to something else.
• Example The cat hid under the tree.
• Other popular prepositions that show location
  are in, on, inside, above and near.

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4 Uses of Prepositions

• 2. Direction/Action Other prepositions tell
  where something is going.
• Example The car drove to the café.
•  
• 3. Time A few prepositions help to tell time in
  a sentence.
• Example During the race, Bobs shoelace came
  untied.

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4 Uses of Prepositions

• 4. Relationship Other prepositions show the
  relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and
  another word.
• Example That poem was written by Edgar Allen
  Poe.

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Prepositions

• A preposition that is made up of two or more
  words is called a compound preposition.
• Review list of common compound prepositions on p.
  L126.

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Prepositional Phrases p. L127

• A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition
  and ends with a noun or a pronoun (object of the
  preposition).
• EX. England is the setting of this suspenseful
  mystery.
• Preposition of
• Noun mystery
• Prepositional phrase of this suspenseful
  mystery

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Preposition Practice

• I placed the lawn mower in a corner of the
  garage.
• During the spring, I often visit a flower show.

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Preposition Practice

1. A man from the IRS called father at home.
2. She finally agreed in spite of her original
   protests.

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Preposition Practice

1. Father is not terribly worried about them.
2. A group of students demonstrated in front of the
   building.

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Homework (due Tuesday)

• Complete Preposition Practice handout
• Grammar quiz over all parts of speech Friday,
  11/14

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CONJUNCTIONS p. L132

• Connects words or groups of words
• 2 types coordinating correlative

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Coordinating Conjunctions

• FANBOYS
• For
• And
• Nor
• But
• Or
• Yet
• So

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Correlative Conjunctions

• Pairs of connecting words
• Both/and
• Either/or
• Neither/nor
• Not only/But so
• Whether/or

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INTERJECTIONS p. L135

• A word that expresses strong feeling or emotion
• Followed by an exclamation point (!) or comma (,)
• Express feelings such as joy or anger
• Generally at the beginning of a sentence
• Ex. Oh, did you see that pass?
• Interjection Oh

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Parts of Speech Review