Immigration

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Immigration

• 1865-1920

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What is a Migration?

• to move from one country, place, or locality to
  another

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What is an Immigrant?

• a person who comes to a country to take up
  permanent residence
• immigrated to the United States from China

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What is an Emigrant?

• a person who leaves one's place of residence or
  country to live elsewhere
• emigrated from China to the United States

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Where did the majority of Immigrants to the
United States originate from?
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Where did the majority of Immigrants to the
United States originate from?

• Between 1865 and 1890, the vast majority of
  immigrants came from Europe, with the majority of
  those coming from the northwest and central
  countries.
• Ireland, Great Britain, Germany, Poland
• Between 1890 and 1920, the vast majority of
  Immigrants came from central, southern, and
  eastern Europe, and to a lesser extent, the
  Middle East
• Russia, Bulgaria, Italy, Turkey

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How many Immigrants came to the United States?
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How many Immigrants came to the United States?

• In 1860, the US population totaled approx. 31.5
  million people
• Between 1865 and 1920, almost 30 million
  immigrants came to the US

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Where do immigrants live today?
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Why did emigrants leave their homelands? (Push
Causes)

• Issues in the homeland included
• Unemployment and/or Low wages
• War
• Natural Disasters
• Political Turmoil
• Religious Persecution
• Ethnic Cleansing/Genocide
• Poor Climate
• Criminal Escapees
• Famine, Drought

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Why was the United States the most popular
destination for Immigrants from 1865-1920? (Pull
Causes)

• Plentiful land at relatively cheap prices
• An abundance of jobs, many not requiring specific
  skills
• Religious and political freedoms
• No wars
• Lower tax rates
• Education opportunities
• Medical treatment

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Where did Immigrants enter the United States?

• Major port cities of entry for immigrants
  included
• New York (70 of all immigrants)
• Boston
• Philadelphia
• Baltimore
• San Francisco
• Seattle

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The Migration Journey

• From Europe What were the requirements set by
  the American government for those wishing to
  begin the journey to America?
• Exclusion Was anyone kept from coming to
  America, and why?
• The Journey What was the journey to America like
  for those making the voyage?
• Arrival What was life like for the new
  immigrants to America?
• Citizenship What is the process for immigrants
  to become citizens of America?

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Limiting Immigration

• Why would the government limit the amount of
  immigrants coming into the United States?
• Racism and Prejudices
• Economics
• Did Immigrants lower wages, drive property values
  down, and were illegals an expense on tax payers?
  Did they take all of the menial jobs, take too
  many of the good jobs, etc.
• War
• Overpopulation

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Limiting Immigration

• How do you limit the amount of immigrants coming
  into a country?
• Quotas - the share or proportion assigned to each
  in a division or to each member of a body
• Exclusions - to prevent or restrict the entrance
  of

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• Quotas were used to either limit to overall flow
  of immigrants into the US, or to put specific
  limits on the amount of people from a particular
  country or region of the world
• Exclusions were used to prohibit specific groups
  from emigrating to the US entirely

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Example of a Quota

• Immigration Act of 1924 the 1890 US Census
  totaled the amount of immigrants in the US, and
  then restricted immigration to 2 of each
  individual groups total
• IE. There were 200,000 Italian immigrants in the
  US in 1890. Only 4,000 Italians were allowed
  entry each year.

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Examples of Exclusions

• In 1875, Congress banned criminals and
  prostitutes from entering the US
• In 1882, idiots and lunatics and those at
  risk for becoming a public problem were banned
  from entering the US
• In 1891, paupers, polygamists and the
  diseased were banned from entering the US

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Examples of Exclusions

• Chinese Exclusion Act pressured by US labor
  unions, the US Congress prohibit Chinese workers
  from entering the US. It was instituted from
  1882 to 1902, and then became a permanent ban
  until 1943. From 1943 to 1965, only 105 Chinese
  immigrants were allowed per year.
• Webb Alien Land Law in 1913, California banned
  non-citizen Asians from owning farmland