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Digestive?????? ??????
Systems
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A RUMINANT IS

• An animal with four distinct compartments in its
  stomach, which swallows its food essentially
  unchewed, regurgitates it, chews it thoroughly
  and reswallows it.

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Examples Include

• Cattle
• Sheep
• Goats
• Deer
• Elk

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4STOMACH COMPARTMENTS

• Reticulum- honeycomb (5 of capacity)
• Rumen- paunch (80 of capacity)
  Omasum-manyplies (7 of capacity)
• Abomasum- true stomach (8 of capacity)

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Reticulum

• AKA The hardware stomach

• The reticulum furnishes additional storage space
  and holds foreign materials such as nails and
  wire which may cause serious damage to the other
  body organs if they pass through the system.
  Often a magnet is fed to ruminants to catch and
  hold this foreign material in the reticulum.

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Rumen

• The largest compartment with a capacity of 40 to
  60 gallons in mature cattle.
• Serves as a storage area for feed.
• Millions of bacteria and protozoa break down the
  feed in the rumen.

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Bacteria

• Enable ruminants to digest large quantities of
  roughage
• Multiply by feeding on material in the rumen
• Are digested later in the stomach and intestines

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• The rumen does not develop in the young until
  they are weaned and begin to eat solid feed

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Omasum

• A muscular section that squeezes out the water
  from the feed before it enters the abomasum

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Abomasum

• Digestive juices cause chemical changes to break
  down the proteins, carbohydrates, and fats into
  simpler substances.
• These simpler substances can now pass into the
  small intestine for further digestion and
  absorption into the blood stream.

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Regurgitation

• Ruminants chew their food just enough to make
  swallowing possible
• After they are done eating, the food is brought
  back up from the rumen and rechewed

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A NONRUMINANT IS

• An animal having a single compartment in its
  stomach, which swallows its food after chewing
  and does not regurgitate.
• Also known as a monogastric

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Examples Include

• Pigs
• Humans
• Bears
• Dogs

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Monogastrics

• Swallow food directly into the single compartment
  stomach, where it is mixed with digestive juice
• Are unable to digest large quantities of fiber
  unless they have an enlarged cecum (horses,
  rabbits and guinea pigs)

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Cecum

• A blind pouch at the first portion of the large
  intestine
• While the rumen is the main place for bacterial
  breakdown in ruminants, it happens in the large
  intestine and cecum of the horse and rabbit

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The End