Classification of Marine Organism

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Chapter 13

• Classification of Marine Organism

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Meet the Players

• Classification of Marine Organisms All organisms
  on the Earth are classified into one of 5
  kingdoms.

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• The kingdoms are divided into Phyla (singular is
  phylum) or Divisions (for the Kingdom Plantae).
• Phyla and Divisions are further divided.

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Divisions are as follows

• Kingdom
• Phylum or Division
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species

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Naming Species

• A species is a group of organisms that can
  interbreed and produce viable young.
• Each type of organism on the planet is given a
  2-fold name that includes the Genus (always
  capitalized) followed by the species (never
  capitalized).
• The two words must be underlined or italicized.
• Humans are classified, for example, as Homo
  sapiens.

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• The 5 kingdoms and their principle
  characteristic(s) are
• Monera - simple one-celled organisms, and the
  cells have no cell nucleus

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• Protista - simple one-celled organisms, and the
  cells do have a cell nucleus

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• Fungi - decomposers, includes mushrooms. Not
  obvious in the oceans

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• Metaphytae (Plantae)- multicelled plants
  (photosynthesizers)

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• Metazoa (Animalia)- multicelled animals

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1. Monera bacteria and blue-green algae (bluegreen
   slime in ponds, puddles, aquariums)
2. Protista foraminifers, radiolarians, amoeba
3. Fungi mushrooms
4. Metaphytae moss, ferns, trees, grass, etc etc
5. Metazoa yourself, your seals, sea lions, bird,
   whales, etc.

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• A simplified view of how the various marine phyla
  are related to one another by evolution is given
  on your textbook.
• Below is a short list of important marine
  organisms, giving the phyla/divisions which we
  will discuss repeatedly for the rest of the
  semester as important players in the oceans.

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I. Monera

• Phylum Cyanophyta these are the bacteria that
  can photosynthesize the most primitive types of
  plants.
• Phylum Schizophyta bacteria that can't
  photosynthesize

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II. Protista

• Phylum Protozoa animals of the Protist kingdom.
• For the most part, these don't photosynthesize.
• Phylum Chrysophyta Forams, rads
• golden algae
• diatoms,
• coccolithophores

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• Phylum Pyrrophyta golden brown algae
• dinoflagellates,
• zooxanthellae

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III. Metaphytae

• Algae 3 phyla of algae, each named for their
  color red, brown and green.
• red algae live in shallow water
• brown algae include kelp
• green algae may make a shell of calcite include
  Penicillus, Halimeda

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• Phylum Tracheophyta vascular plants have some
  vessel (tube) that transports water from one
  place to another
• in the oceans, these live along the coast and
  include grasses and mangroves

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IV. Metazoa - dozens!

• Phylum Porifera sponges (pass the screen test)
• Phylum Ctenophora ('c' before 't' is silent)
  combjellies
• Phylum Cnidaria stinging tentacles ('c' before
  'n' is silent)
• coral animals,
• jellyfish,
• sea anemones

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• Phylum Bryozoa
• bryozoans are colonial organisms
• Phylum Brachiopoda brachiopods look like clams
  superficially, but are more primitive.

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• Phylum Mollusca animals with a mantle, a thick,
  leathery skin
• Class Gastropoda snails Class Mollusca clams,
  oysters, mussels, scallops
• Class Cephalopoda octopuses, squids, nautiluses

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• Phylum Arthropoda 'jointed legs', hard outer
  skeleton
• Class Merostomata horseshoe crabs
• Class Crustacea copepods, barnacles, krill,
  shrimp, lobster, crabs

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• Phylum Echinodermata water vascular
  system-totally bizarre
• Class Asteroidea starfish Class Echinoidea sea
  urchins (spines!!), sand dollars, echinoids
• Class Holothuroidea sea cucumbers
• Class Ophiuoidea brittle stars
• Class Crinoidea crinoids or sea lilies-lords of
  the reef in the Paleozoic

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• Phylum Protochordata tunicates
• Phylum Chordata animals with a notochord- a long
  bundle of nerves
• Class Pisces Fish have gills
• Jawless fish most primitive lampreys
  cartilaginous fish sharks, skates and rays
• bony fish 1000s salmon, tuna, seahorse,
  solefish, marlin, swordfish, etc.

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• Class Reptilia (Reptiles) lay eggs and have a
  leathery skin turtles, snakes
• Class Aves (Birds) feathers, lay eggs
• pelicans,
• albatross,
• penguins,
• puffins, etc.

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• Class Mammalia (Mammals) only a few of us
  warm-blooded hairiest have made it back to the
  sea
• whales
• porpoises
• manatees,
• seals,
• otters,
• walruses