Title: Thermoset Materials
1Thermoset Materials
2Introduction
- Thermoplastics vs Thermosets
- Thermal properties
- Strength
- Uses
- Processing
3Viscosity and Thermal Control during Crosslinking
4General Properties of Thermosets
- Strength
- Flexibility
- Thermal
- Creep
- Ability to reinforce
- Ability to cure at room temperature
5Formaldehyde Resins
- Phenolic
- Urea formaldehyde
- Melamine formaldehyde
6Crosslinking
Plus
7Thermoset Types
8Crosslinking
- Reactive GroupsAmino plastics
Plus
Amine
9Amine plastics clear adhesive
Chipboard
10Crosslinking as Polymers are Formed
Plus
11Crosslinking as Polymers are Formed
Melamine Formaldehyde
Water
12Thermoset Types
13Crosslinking as Polymers are Formed
Water
Melamine Formaldehyde
14Polyester Thermosets (TS) or Unsaturated
Polyesters (UP)
- Largest group of thermosets
- Most like to be reinforced with fiberglass
15Crosslinking
- Reactive GroupsUnsaturated polyesters
Plus
Carbon-carbon Double bond
Initiator (usually peroxide)
16Thermoset Types
17Crosslinking Mechanism for Thermoset Polyesters
Polyester
Styrene (large quantities)
Peroxide
18Crosslinking Heat
19Crosslinking Approach of styrene
20Crosslinking bond to styrene
When styrene's double bond breaks, one end forms
a free radical
Half of peroxide bonds with other end of broken
styrene molecule
21Crosslinking approach to polymer
Styrene free radical causes the polymer's double
bond to break and allows it to accept a new pi
bond
22Crosslinking bonding to polymer
New free radical
New bond
Problems Polymers not lined up, steric
interference
Solution Styrene
23Crosslinking approach of styrene
24Crosslinking activation of styrene
Styrene's double bond opens, allowing two new
free radical sites
25Crosslinking bonding of styrene
New bond
Double bond opens but can't create a bond with
any other open bond because of steric effects
Problems Polymers still not lined up, steric
interference
Solution Still more styrene
26Crosslinking bonding of 2nd styrene
Free radical
New bond
27Crosslinking bonding with 2nd polymer
Up to 8 styrenes might be needed in the bridge
New bond
28Crosslinking bonding with 2nd polymer
Etc.
29Crosslinking more styrene
30Crosslinking more styrene
31Crosslinkingbonding to 3rd polymer
32Laminating Resins
33Additives to Thermoset Polyesters
Fillers like Calcium Carbonate
Tougheners like rubbers
Antioxidants and UV stabilizers
Reinforcements
34Molding Compounds
35Molding Compounds
36Crosslinking
Plus
Epoxy Rings
Hardener (amine shown)
37Thermoset Types
38Vinyl Esters (VE)
39Polyimides
Carbon-carbon Double bond Imide
Condensation Imide
React with addition reaction
40Thermoset Types
41Crosslinking
- Reactive GroupsPolyurethanes
Plus
Diisocyanates
Polyols
42Thermoset Types
43Crosslinking Between two Existing Polymer Chains
44Thank You