Hazardous Materials

1
Hazardous Materials

• Subpart H

2
Subpart H Standards

• 1910.101 Compressed Gases
• 1910.102 Acetylene
• 1910.103 Hydrogen
• 1910.104 Oxygen
• 1910.105 Nitrous Oxide
• 1910.106 Flammable and Combustible Liquids

3
Subpart H Standards

• 1910.107 Spray Finishing using Flammable and
  Combustible Materials
• 1910.108 Dip Tanks containing Flammable and
  Combustible Liquids
• 1910.109 Explosives and Blasting Agents

4
Subpart H Standards

• 1910.110 Storage and Handling of Liquefied
  Petroleum Gases
• 1910.111 Storage and Handling of Anhydrous
  Ammonia
• 1910.119 Process Safety Management of Highly
  Hazardous Chemicals
• 1910.120 Hazardous Waste Operations and
  Emergency Response

5
Subpart H Standards

• 1910.123 Dipping and coating operations
  Coverage and Definitions
• 1910.124 General Requirements for Dipping
  and Coating Operations

6
Subpart H Standards

• 1910.125 Additional Requirements for Dipping
  and Coating Operations that use Flammable
  or Combustible Liquids
• 1910.126 Additional Requirements for Special
  Dipping and Coating Operations

7
Definitions

• Hazardous Chemical
• Occupational Safety Health Act (OSHA) term that
  denotes any chemical that would be a risk to
  employees if exposed in the work place

8
Definition

• Highly Hazardous Chemical
• OSHA term that denotes any chemical that would
  posses toxic, reactive, flammable or explosive
  properties

9
Flammable and Combustible Liquids

• 1910.106

10
Definitions

• Aerosol
• Aerosol shall mean a material which is dispensed
  from its container as a mist, spray, or foam by a
  propellant under pressure

11
Definitions

• Approved
• Approved shall mean an approved or listed by a
  national recognized testing laboratory
• Such as
• Underwriters Laboratories (UL) or
• Factory Mutual (FM)

12
Definitions

• Boiling Point
• Boiling point shall mean the boiling point of a
  liquid at a pressure of 14.7 pounds per square
  inch absolute (psia). The pressure is equivalent
  to 760 millimeters of mercury (760 mm Hg)
• Liquid changes into a vapor

13
Definitions

• Boiling
  Point
• At temperatures above the boiling, the pressure
  of the atmosphere can no longer hold the liquid
  in the liquid state and bubbles begin to form.
• The lower the boiling point, the greater the
  vapor pressure at normal ambient temperatures and
  consequently the greater the risk.

14
Definitions

• Container
• Container shall mean any can, barrel, or drum

15
Definitions

• Closed Container
• Closed container shall mean a container so sealed
  by means of a lid or other device that neither
  liquid or vapor will escape from it at ordinary
  temperatures

16
Definitions

• Fire Area
• Fire area shall mean an area of a building
  separated from the remainder of the building by
  construction having a fire resistance of at least
  1 hour and having all communicating openings
  properly protected by an assembly having a fire
  resistance rating of at least one hour.

17
Definitions

• Flash Point
• Flash point means the minimum temperature at
  which a liquid gives off vapor within a test
  vessel in sufficient concentration to form an
  ignitable mixture with air near the surface of
  the liquid. The flash point is normally an
  indication of susceptibility to ignition.

18
Definitions

• Combustible Liquid
• Combustible liquid means any liquid having a
  flash point at above 100F (37.8 C).
• Combustible liquids are divided into two classes
• Class II
• Class III

19
Definitions

• Class II Liquids
• Class II liquids shall include those with a flash
  point at or above 100F (37.8C) and below 140F
  (60C), except any mixture having components with
  flash points at 200F (93.3C) or higher, the
  volume of which make up 99 percent or more of the
  total volume of the mixture

20
Definitions

• Class III Liquids
• Class III liquids shall include those with flash
  points at or above 140F (60C).
• Class III are divided into two classes
• Class IIIA
• Class IIIB

21
Definitions

• Class IIIA Liquids
• Class III liquids shall include those with flash
  points at or above 140F (60C) and below 200F
  (93.3C), except any mixture having components
  with flash points of 200F (93.3C), or higher,
  the total volume of which make up 99 percent or
  more of the total volume of the mixture

22
Definitions

• Class IIIB Liquids
• Class IIIB liquids shall include those with a
  flash point at or above 200F (93.3C).
• This section does not regulate Class IIIB liquids.

23
Definitions

• NOTE
• When a combustible liquid is heated to within
  30F (16.7C) of its flash point, it shall be
  handled in accordance with the requirements for
  the next lower class of liquids

24
Definitions

• Flammable Liquid
• Flammable liquid means any liquid having a flash
  point below 100 F (37.8 C) or higher, the total
  of which make up 99 percent or more of the total
  volume of the mixture.
• Flammable liquids shall be known as Class I
  liquids

25
Definitions

• Class I liquids are divided into three classes
• Class 1A
• Class 1B
• Class 1C

26
Definitions

• Class 1A
• Class 1A shall include liquids having flash
  points below 73 F (22.8C) and having a boiling
  point below 100 F (37.8C)
• Examples Ethyl Ether, Isopropyl Chloride, Pentane

27
Definitions

• Class 1B Liquids
• Class 1B shall include liquids having flash
  points below 73F (22.8C) and having a boiling
  point at or above 100F (37.8C)
• Example Acetone, Gasoline, Toulene

28
Definitions

• Class 1C
• Class 1C shall include liquids having flash
  points at at or above 73F (22.8C) and below
  100F (37.8C)
• Examples Amyl Alcohol, Naphtha, Xylene

29
Flash Point
200F
Combustible Flash Point gt 100F
IIIA
140F
II
100F
IC
Flammable Flash Point lt 100F
73F
IA
IB
100F
Boiling Point
30
Definitions

• Portable Tank
• Portable tank shall mean a closed container
  having a liquid capacity over 60 U.S. gallons and
  not intended for fixed installation

31
Definitions

• Safety Can
• Safety can means an approved container, of not
  more than 5 gallons capacity, having a
  spring-closing lid and spout cover and so
  designed that it will safely relieve internal
  pressure when subject to fire exposure

32
Definitions

• Vapor Pressure
• Vapor Pressure shall mean the pressure, measured
  in pounds per square inch (absolute) exerted by a
  volatile liquid as determined by the Standard
  Method of Test for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum
  Products by ASTM

33
Definitions

• Vapor Pressure
• Vapor Pressure is a measure of a liquids
  propensity to evaporate.
• The higher the vapor pressure, the more volatile
  the liquid and, thus, the more readily the liquid
  gives off vapors

34
Definitions

• Ventilation
• Ventilation as specified in this section is for
  the prevention of fire and explosion
• It is considered adequate if it is sufficient to
  prevent accumulation of significant quantities of
  vapor-air mixtures in concentrations over
  one-fourth of the lower flammable limit

35
Flammable (Explosive) Limits

• Flammable Range
• The range of a combustible vapor or gas-air
  mixture between the upper and lower flammable
  limits.
• Also, known as the explosive range.

36
Flammable (Explosive) Limits

• Lower Flammable Limit
• The lowest concentration at which a combustible
  gas forms a flammable mixture.
• Below the LFL there is too little combustible
  fuel to sustain a flame.
• Also, known as Lower Explosive Limit or LEL.

37
Flammable (Explosive) Limits

• Upper Flammable Limit
• The highest concentration at which a combustible
  gas forms a flammable mixture.
• Above the UFL there is too little oxygen to
  sustain a flame. Better known as too rich to
  burn.
• Also, known as Upper Explosive Limit or
  UEL.

38
Flammable (Explosive) Limits

• Hazardous Material LFL UFL
• Butane 1.9 8.5
• Ethylene Oxide 3.0 100.0
• Gasoline 1.4 7.6
• Hydrogen 4.0 75.0
• Isopropyl Alcohol 2.0 12.7
• Propane 2.1 9.5

39
Container and Portable Tank Storage

• This section applies only to the storage of
  flammable and combustible liquids in drums or
  other containers not exceeding 60 gallons
  individual capacity and portable tanks of less
  than 660 gallons individual capacity.

40
Container and Portable Tank Storage

• On approved containers and portable tanks may be
  used to store flammable and combustible liquids
• Metal containers and portable tanks must meet DOT
  requirements

41
Design, Construction and Capacity of Storage
Cabinets

• Not more than 60 gallons of Class I and/ or Class
  II liquids, or not more than 120 gallons of Class
  III liquids may be stored in an individual cabinet

42
Design, Construction and Capacity of Storage
Cabinets

• The standard permits both metal and wooden
  storage cabinets
• Cabinets shall be designed and constructed to
  limit internal temperatures to not more than
  325F when subject to a standardized 10-minute
  fire test

43
Design, Construction and Capacity of Storage
Cabinets

• The bottom, top, door, and sides of metal
  cabinets shall be at least 18 gauge sheet metal
  and double walled with a 1 ?-inch air space
• The door shall be provided with a three point
  lock and the door sill shall be raised at least
  2-inches above the bottom of the cabinet

44
Design and Construction of Inside Storage Rooms

• Construction is to comply with test
  specifications outlined in NFPA 251
• Openings to other rooms or buildings shall be
  provided with non-combustible liquid-tight raised
  sills or ramps at least 4-inches in height, or
  the floor in the storage area shall be at least
  4-inches below the surrounding floor

45
Design and Construction of Inside Storage Rooms

• Opening shall be provided with approved
  self-closing fire doors
• The room shall be liquid tight where the floor
  joins the floor
• Electrical wiring for Class I liquids will comply
  with Class I, Division 2 hazardous locations

46
Design and Construction of Inside Storage Rooms

• In each storage room, an aisle of at least 3
  feet in width will be maintained
• Containers over 30 gallons capacity shall not be
  stacked
• Containers will be at least 3 feet from sprinkler
  heads

47
Fire Control

• At least one portable fire extinguisher having a
  rating of not less than 12-B units shall be
  located outside of, but not more than 10 feet
  from, the door opening into any room used for
  storage.

48
Maximum Quantities

• The quantity of liquid that may be located
  outside of an inside storage room or storage
  cabinet in a building or in any one fire area of
  a building shall not exceed

• 25 gallons of Class IA liquids in containers
• 120 gallons of Class IB, IC, II, or III liquids
  in containers
• 660 gallons of Class IB, IC, II, or III liquids
  in a single portable tank.

49
Spray Finishing

• 1910.107

50
Definitions

• Aerated Solid Powders
• Aerated powders shall mean any powdered material
  used as a coating material which shall be
  fluidized within a container by passing air
  uniformly from below. It is common practice to
  fluidize such materials to form a fluidized
  powder bed and then dip the part to be coated
  into the bed in a manner similar to that used in
  liquid dipping. Such beds are also used as
  sources for powder spray operation

51
Definitions

• Spraying Area
• Any area in which dangerous quantities of
  flammable vapors or mists, or combustible
  residues, dusts, or deposits are present due to
  the operation of spraying processes.

52
Definitions

• Spray Booth
• A power-ventilated structure provided to enclose
  or accommodate a spraying operation to confine
  and limit the escape of spray, vapor, and
  residue, and to safely conduct or direct them to
  an exhaust system

53
Definitions

• Waterwash spray booth
• A spray booth equipped with a water washing
  system designed to minimize dusts or residues
  entering exhaust ducts and to permit the recovery
  of overspray finishing material

54
Definitions

• Dry spray booth
• A spray booth not equipped with a water washing
  system as described in subparagraph (4) of this
  paragraph.

55
Definitions

• Dry spray booth
• A dry spray booth may be equipped with
• distribution or baffle plates to promote an even
  flow of air through the booth or cause the
  deposit of overspray before it enters the exhaust
  duct or
• overspray dry filters to minimize dusts or
  residues entering exhaust ducts or
• where dry powders are being sprayed, with powder
  collection systems so arranged in the exhaust to
  capture oversprayed material.

56
Definitions

• Fluidized Bed
• A container holding powder coating material which
  is aerated from below so as to form an
  air-supported expanded cloud of such material
  through which the preheated object to be coated
  is immersed and transported.

57
Definitions

• Electrostatic Fluidized Bed
• A container holding powder coating material which
  is aerated from below so as to form an
  air-supported expanded cloud of such material
  which is electrically charged with a charge
  opposite to the charge of the object to be
  coated such object is transported, through the
  container immediately above the charged and
  aerated materials in order to be coated.

58
Separation of Operations

• Each spray booth shall be separated from other
  operations by
• not less than 3 feet or
• by a partition or wall to reduce danger

3 ft
8 feet
3 feet
59
Sources of Ignition

• There will be no open flame or spark producing
  equipment in any spray area nor within 20 feet
• Space heating appliances, steam pipes, or hot
  surfaces shall not be located in the spray area

60
Electrical

• Class I or Class II, Division 1 Locations
• The interior of spray booths or rooms
• The interior of exhaust ducts
• Any area in the direct path of spray operations

61
Electrical

• Class I or Class II, Division 2 Locations
• For open spraying, all space outside of but
  within 20 feet horizontally and 10 feet vertically

Spray Area
20
62
Review

• What is a flammable liquid?
• What is a combustible liquid?
• A Class 1A flammable liquid has a flash point of
  less than?

63
Review

• What is the maximum amount of a 1A liquid that
  can be stored outside of a flammable storage
  cabinet or room?
• A 12B fire extinguisher must be located within
  _______ feet of flammable liquid storage room.

64
Review

• Spray finishing can be a hazardous activity.
• True or False
• Each spray booth must be separated by ___ feet
  or a wall or partition from other operations.
• Spray booths require ___________ electrical
  installations.