MANIFOLDS and HEADS

1
MANIFOLDS and HEADS

• Chapter 8
• Classroom Manual
• Page 179

CBC AUTOMOTIVE RK
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OBJECTIVES

• Explain the function of the intake manifold.
• Explain the function of the exhaust manifold.
• Describe the function of the valve spring.
• Explain the differences in valve stem seals.
• Describe the purpose in valve guides the
  difference between intregal insert types.

CBC AUTOMOTIVE RK
3
OBJECTIVES

• Describe the function of the valve seats.
• List describe the function of the valve parts.
• Determine the causes of common valve
  malfunctions.
• Determine abnormal valve seat wear.
• Describe the different types of combustion
  chambers.

CBC AUTOMOTIVE RK
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INTRODUCTION

• Proper combustion requires the engine to
  breathe properly.
• Intake Exhaust manifolds Valve train must all
  work together.
• Cylinder head design affects power.
• Discuss common types of failures.
• Determine normal Abnormal wear.

CBC AUTOMOTIVE RK
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MANIFOLDS

• Intake
• Materials
• Cast Iron
• Aluminum
• Plastic
• Manifold Types
• Single Plane
• Dual Plane
• Runner Design

• Exhaust
• Materials
• Cast Iron
• Steel Tubing
• Stainless Steel Tubing
• Manifold Types
• Factory cast
• Tube Headers
• Runner Design

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INTAKE MANIFOLD

• Runners are Level
• Equal runner length and cross section.
• Wet or Dry
• Inlet temp 100
• Exhaust crossover passage

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DUAL PLANE
8
PRE-HEAT SYSTEM
9
BIMETAL SENSOR
10
EXHAUST MANIFOLD

• A restriction of exhaust gas flow can result in
  excessive backpressure.
• Proper tuning of the exhaust manifold (headers)
  creates a vacuum that assists in air/fuel mixture
  induction into the cylinder.

CBC AUTOMOTIVE RK
Page 182
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CYLINDER HEADS

• Valves
• Seats
• Springs
• Combustion Chamber
• Expansion rate differences
• Electrolysis

CBC AUTOMOTIVE RK
Page 184
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CYLINDER HEAD
13
VALVE MALFUNCTIONS

• Burned Valves
• Channeling - page 190
• Metal Erosion
• Breakage
• Valve Stem Wear - page 191

CBC AUTOMOTIVE RK
Page 188
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VALVES
Improper valve seat finish. Heat transfer.
15
VALVE SEATS

• There are two types of seats
• Intregal valve seats.
• Removable valve seats.
• Materials
• Cast Iron
• Bronze
• Various Stainless Steel Alloys
• Seat Recession

CBC AUTOMOTIVE RK
Page 192
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VALVE SPRINGS

• Valve springs close the valve against its seat.
• And maintain tension in the valve train.
• Valves open close 50/sec _at_ 6000 RPM.
• Valve float is when the lifter leaves the cam
  surface.
• Heat destroys springs.
• Do NOT clean springs in hot tank.

CBC AUTOMOTIVE RK
Page 194
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VALVE GUIDES

• Two types of Valve Guides
• Intregal
• Insert
• Materials
• Cast Iron
• Bronze
• Some Guides MUST be removed in a specific
  direction.

CBC AUTOMOTIVE RK
Page 195
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VALVE SEALS

• Valve Stem Seal Materials
• Polyaceate 250
• Neopreme 300
• Viton 440
• Teflon

• Valve Stem Seal Types
• O-Ring
• Umbrella
• Positive

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ROCKER ARMS

• Typical ratio 1.5 1
• Check fulcrum or stud for wear.
• Check tip and pushrod socket.
• Adjustable or non-adjustable.

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COMPONENT RELATIONSHIP

• As the valve and seat are ground, the valve tip
  will extend farther thru the head.
• This will change valve spring pressure.
• And rocker arm alignment.

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Page 197
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COMBUSTION CHAMBER DESIGNS

• Wedge Chamber - page 198
• Hemispherical Chamber
• Swirl Chamber - page 199
• Chamber-in Piston
• Pentroof Chamber - page 200
• Fast Burn
• Tumble Port - page 201
• Stratified Charge Chamber

CBC AUTOMOTIVE RK
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THE COMBUSTION PROCESS

• Preignition
• page 203

• Detonation
• Page 204

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Page 202
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MULTIVALVE ENGINES
CBC AUTOMOTIVE RK
Page 204