6th grade Social Studies

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Unit 1 Map Review

• 6th grade Social Studies

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What is Social Studies?

• History
• Geography
• Government
• Economics
• Sociology
• Psychology

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History

• Story or record of what has happened in the past
• Can be recent history (something that happened 10
  minutes ago) or something that happened 10,000
  years ago

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Geography

• The study of Earths environment and how it
  shapes peoples lives and how the Earth is shaped
  in turn by peoples activities
• Landforms mountains, oceans, rivers, valleys,
  deserts, etc.
• Use maps to understand location and geographic
  features

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Government

• Also called civics or political science
• The study of government institutions, their
  processes and their affect on the people they
  govern
• Provides safety, peace and law and order through
  laws and rules
• Help to take care of those in society that need
  assistance

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Economics

• The study of the production of goods and services
  and the transfer of wealth to obtain these goods
  and services
• Example I want to buy a loaf of bread (good) at
  the store, so I need to pay money (wealth) to get
  this bread.
• In history, the exchange of goods and services
  has been based on bartering.
• Today, trade is based on the transfer of money.

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Sociology

• The study of society and groups of people
• Why do people in groups behave the way they do?
• Why do people act differently based on the group
  (or society) they are with at the moment?

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Psychology

• The study of an individual human mind and human
  behavior.
• Psychology studies an individual person, whereas
  sociology studies group or social behavior.

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Mother Earth
                                                
                                       

• What percentage of the Earth is water?
• Globe Toss Game

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Earth

• Earth is around 70 water and 30 land
• 97.5 of this water is in the oceans salt water
• 2.5 is in freshwater lakes and in frozen ice
  caps and glaciers
• 69 of the freshwater (only 2.5 of the total
  water on earth) is frozen

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Oceans

• 4 oceans
• Atlantic Ocean
• Pacific Ocean
• Indian Ocean
• Arctic Ocean
• NOTE sometimes the southern portions of the
  Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans are called
  the Southern Ocean

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Oceans

• Made of undrinkable salt water
• Ocean water flows from one ocean to the next by
  way of currents

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Mariana Trench

• Deepest part of the ocean
• In Pacific Ocean
• Deepest part is 36,201 feet - The Challenger Deep

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Land

• 30 of Earths surface
• Divided into 7 continents
• Many different types of land features
• Mountain desert
• valley cliff
• cave tundra
• canyon mesa
• marsh continent
• wetland and many, many more!

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Continents

• A large land mass
• Seven of them
• North America
• South America
• Europe
• Asia
• Africa
• Australia
• Antarctica

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Maps

• Why is a round globe the most accurate map though?

• Cartographers people who make maps
• We use maps because it would be hard to carry a
  globe around with us all of the time!
• Todays new technology maps are GPS

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Which is best?

• Round Globe

• Flat Map

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Maps

• Mercator Map

• Equal Area Map

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Hemispheres

• Earth is divided into 4 hemispheres
• Northern and Southern hemispheres
• Divided by the Equator, which runs halfway
  between the North and South Poles
• Eastern and Western hemispheres
• Divided by the Prime Meridian, which runs through
  eastern Europe and Eastern Africa and then
  through the Pacific Ocean.
• What continents fall within the Northern
  Hemisphere?
• What continents fall within the Eastern
  Hemisphere?

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Hemispheres
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Lines of Longitude

• Are imaginary
• Measured in degrees
• Run north and south, hence the long in the name
• Called meridians
• Measure distance east or west of the Prime
  Meridian

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Lines of Latitude

• Are imaginary
• Measured in degrees
• Run east and west (around the middle of the
  Earth)
• Called parallels
• Measure distance north or south of the Equator.
• Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn

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Equator

• A line of latitude
• The amount of heat or cold a place gets depends
  on its distance from the equator.
• Why?
• Altitude also plays a role. Why?
• Which would be hotter
• Dallas, TX or Boston, MA
• Cancun, Mexico or Cape Town, South Africa

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Time Zones

• Based on a citys location to the Prime Meridian
• Also called Greenwich Mean Time
• Determined by lines of longitude
• Each 15 degrees of longitude 1 hour of time
• If it is 1200 noon at the Prime Meridian, what
  time is it in
• Chicago, IL
• Los Angeles, CA
• Paris, France
• Sydney, Australia

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Using Maps

• Cardinal Directions
• North N
• South S
• East E
• West W
• Intermediate Directions
• Northeast NE
• Southeast SE
• Northwest NW
• Southwest - SW

• Compass Rose
• usually North is at the top but not always!

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Using Maps

• Scale used to distinguish distance
• for example 1 inch 1 mile

• Symbol anything used to stand for something
  else.
• Found in the map key
• For example, a triangle might stand for a city

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Using Maps

• Map Key identifies what each symbol stands for
  on a map

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Using Maps

• Locators
• show where the subject-area is located on the
  main map
• help to give us perspective

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Kinds of Maps - Political

• Shows information such as countries, states,
  cities and other important political features
• Lines or color will highlight these areas

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Kinds of Maps - Physical

• Show Earths natural features.
• Elevation
• Use color to show the height of land above sea
  level

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Kinds of Maps - Physical

• Relief
• Show changes in elevation using shading
• No shading no change
• Light shading gradual change (small hill)
• Dark shading sharp change (steep hill)

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Kinds of Maps - Historical

• Maps that show information about the past or
  where past events took place
• Map title will tell you the subject
• Oftentimes they include dates

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Kinds of Maps - Distribution

• Show how things like language, religion,
  population and rainfall are distributed
  throughout an area
• Will have a key to show what each color/shading
  represents