Sun and Moon

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Sun and Moon
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The Sun is.

• A star
• In the Main Sequence stage
• 99 of the total mass in the solar system
• 109 times as big as the Earth

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Energy Production in the Sun

• Nuclear fusion occurs in the sun to give it its
  energy.
• Hydrogen is converted into Helium.

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Structure of the Sun

• The sun does not have a solid surface. The
  visible surface is where its atmosphere becomes
  so thick that you cant see through it.
• The sun is divided into 6 layers.

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Layers of the sun
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Layers of the Sun

• Corona- Outermost part of the suns atmosphere.
  Visible only during a solar eclipse
• Chromosphere- section of the suns atmosphere
  below the corona.
• Photosphere- the visible part of the suns
  atmosphere. The surface we see.
• Convective Zone- Section where convection
  currents carry energy to the outer atmosphere of
  the sun

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Layers of the Sun Continued...

• Radiative Zone- Very dense section of the sun
  where energy is trapped.
• Core- inner part of the sun where the suns
  energy is produced by nuclear fusion.

What Layer is shown here? Hint Solar Eclipse
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Solar Activity

• The circulation of energy causes gas in the
  photosphere to churn, causing magnetic fields
  that reach into space.
• Sunspots- when the activity slows down in one
  spot, and the photosphere becomes cooler than
  other areas. Sunspots are cooler, dark spots on
  the sun.
• Sunspots change in a regular pattern. About
  every 11 years there is a peak in sunspots. They
  might affect our climate and cause lower
  temperatures on earth.

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Sunspots
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Solar Activity continued...

• Solar Flares- regions of extremely high
  temperatures and brightness that develop on the
  suns surface. When they erupt, they send
  streams of electrically charged particles into
  the solar system.
• They can extend several thousand miles into space
  within minutes.
• Particles from solar flares reach earth and
  interrupt radio and cell signals.

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Solar Flare
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Aurora BorealisNorthern Lights

• When solar particles enter our atmosphere, they
  are attracted to the poles, and cause Aurora
  Borealis

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Formation of the Moon

• Three explanations for how the moon could have
  formed
• Twin Theory
• Meteor Theory
• Capture Theory

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Twin Theory

• The moon formed at the same time as Earth.
• Gravity pulled particles in the solar system
  together to make the earth and the moon out of a
  nebula

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Meteor Theory

• When Earth was first cooling, a meteor struck it
  and splashed a piece off which hardened to form
  the moon.

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Capture Theory

• The Moon formed someplace else, it flew by Earth
  and gravity captured it into orbit.

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Features of the Moon

• Maria- smooth dark plains on the moon
• Highlands- rugged mountains on the moon that
  appear as light places.

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Features of the Moon

• Rilles- lines on the moon where the crust of the
  moon cracked when it cooled.
• Craters- round impacts from meteors

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Why are there so many craters on the moon?

• The moon has no ATMOSPHERE, so it has no WEATHER,
  so there is no EROSION.
• Therefore, when the moon gets struck by a meteor,
  the crater stays there forever.

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Label each section 1- 9
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