Maternal Health

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2005-06 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3)
Maternal Health
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Content

• Antenatal Care and Use of
• Ultrasound
• Delivery Care
• Postnatal Care

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Women Who Received Antenatal Care
Percent
For last births in the past 3 years
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Women Who Received Antenatal Care
Percent
For last births in the past 3 years
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Women Who Received 3 ANC Visits
Percent
For last births in the past 3 years

• Only two-thirds of women who receive any ANC,
  have the recommended 3 ANC visits
• The share receiving 3 ANC visits among women who
  have any ANC is nearly unchanged since NFHS-2

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Women Who Received ANC In the First Trimester
Percent
For last births in the past 3years

• 56 of women who receive any ANC, received ANC in
  the first trimester
• The share receiving ANC in their first trimester
  among women who have any ANC is up by 6
  percentage points since NFHS-2

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Are women receiving appropriate ANC?

• 76 of women received two or more tetanus toxoid
  injections
• Among women who received ANC
• Less than two-thirds had weight, blood, or urine
  taken, or blood pressure measured
• Three-fourths had their abdomen examined
• 36 were told about pregnancy complications

For last births in the past 5 years
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56 of married and 59 of pregnant women are
anaemic. So, are pregnant women getting iron and
folic acid (IFA) supplementation?
Percent
For last births in the past 5 years
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What are some notable differentials in access to
ANC?
Percent
For last births in the past 5 years
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Pregnancies with an Ultrasound
Percent of pregnancies in the past 5 years
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Are ultrasounds being conducted for sex-selection?

• There is evidence of sex selection, when the sex
  ratio at birth deviates from the normal of about
  960-970 girls per 1,000 boys
• Thus, the question can be answered by examining
  the sex ratio of births that result after a
  pregnancy with an ultrasound

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Are ultrasounds being conducted for sex-selection?
Girls per 1,000 boys born in the past 5 years
(for pregnancies with an ultrasound)
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Content

• Antenatal Care and Use of
• Ultrasound
• Delivery Care
• Postnatal Care

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Trends in Delivery Care
Only about 1 in 7 home deliveries are assisted by
a skilled provider
Percent
For live births in the past 5 years
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Trends in Institutional Deliveries by State
Percentage point change between NFHS-2 and NFHS-3 States
Remained unchanged (2 states) Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland
Increased less than 7 percentage point (7 states) Assam, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Jharkhand, Tripura, West Bengal
Increased by 7-14 percentage points (10 states) Bihar, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh , Mizoram
Increased by 15 or more percentage points (10 states) Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu Kashmir, Karnataka, Manipur, Orissa, Punjab, Sikkim, Uttaranchal
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Selected Differentials in Institutional
Deliveries
Percent
Residence
Wealth index
Caste/tribe
For live births in the past five years
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Are women using the public sector for their
deliveries?
Percent
84
68
39
33
20
18
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Residence
Wealth index
Caste/tribe
For live births in the past 5 years
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How common are caesarean-section deliveries?

• 9 of live births in the past 5 years were
  delivered by c-section
• 16 of first births are delivered by a c-section
• C-sections increase sharply with womens
  education and wealth
• C-sections are almost twice as common for
  deliveries in the private sector than in the
  public sector 28 vs. 15 percent

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Content

• Antenatal Care and Use of
• Ultrasound
• Delivery Care
• Postnatal Care

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Are women receiving postnatal care?
Percent

• For births whose mothers received postnatal
  care,
• care was provided
• -By doctors for 72
• -By ANMs and other health personnel by 20
• -By dais or TBAs by 8
• For only 20 of home births was there any
  postnatal care

For last births in the past 5 years
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Postnatal Care
Percent
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Summary

• Any ANC increased by 11 percentage points and 3
  ANC visits by 7 percentage points between NFHS-2
  and NFHS-3
• Still, half or less than half of women get ANC in
  the first trimester and get 3 ANC visits
• Institutional deliveries increased by 7
  percentage points between NFHS-2 and NFHS-3
• Nonetheless, more than half the deliveries still
  take place at home half are not assisted by
  health personnel
• The majority of mothers with a recent delivery
  did not receive any postnatal care

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Conclusion

• Despite improvements in the provision of maternal
  health care, at the current rate of change at no
  more than one percentage point a year, womens
  reproductive health will continue to suffer well
  into this century.