The Moon

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The Moon
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The Freedom of the Moon I've tried the new moon
tilted in the airAbove a hazy tree-and-farmhouse
clusterAs you might try a jewel in your
hair.I've tried it fine with little breadth of
luster,Alone, or in one ornament combiningWith
one first-water start almost shining.I put it
shining anywhere I please.By walking slowly on
some evening later,I've pulled it from a crate
of crooked trees,And brought it over glossy
water, greater,And dropped it in, and seen the
image wallow,The color run, all sorts of wonder
follow.-- Robert Frost
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S6E2. Students will understand the effects of
the relative positions of the earth, moon, and
sun.

• Demonstrate the phases of the moon by showing the
  alignment of the earth, moon, and sun.

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• S6CS5. Students will use the ideas of system,
  model, change, and scale in exploring scientific
  and technological matters.
• a. Observe and explain how parts are related to
  other parts in systems such as weather systems,
  solar systems, and ocean systems including how
  the output from one part of a system ( in the
  form of material, energy, or information) can
  become the input to other parts.
• b. Identify several different models (such as
  physical replicas, pictures, and analogies) that
  could be used to represent the same thing, and
  evaluate their usefulness, taking into account
  such things as the models purpose and
  complexity.
• S6CS6. Students will communicate scientific ideas
  and activities clearly.
• b. Understand and describe how writing for
  scientific purposes is different than writing for
  literary purposes.
• c. Organize scientific information using
  appropriate tables, charts, graphs, and identify
  relationships they reveal.

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Big Ideas

• Effects of relative positions
• Characteristics of earth, moon, and sun
• Phases of the moon
• Predictable alignment of the earth, moon, and sun

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A Few Understandings

• The student will understand that
• The sun produces light.
• The moon reflects light.
• The earth is in orbit around the sun.
• The moon is in orbit around the earth.
• People on earth can view the moon and the sun.
• The moons path (orbit) is constant, but what we
  see from earth depends on the alignment of the
  earth, moon, and sun.
• The moons shape never changes, but how we view
  the moon changes.
• Moon phases occur in a set order and in a
  predictable schedule because of the alignment of
  the earth, moon, and sun.
• A new moon occurs when the moon is between the
  earth and the sun.
• A full moon occurs when the earth is between the
  moon and the sun.
• A shadow caused by the earth interfering with the
  suns light is a lunar eclipse and IS NOT the
  reason for the moon phases.

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Essential Questions

• Why does the moon wax and wane?
• Are moon phases and lunar eclipses always
  predictable?
• What causes the man in the moon appearance on
  the lunar surface?
• How was the moon formed? What is its story?
• Are moon rocks like earth rocks?

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Skills and Knowledge

• Know 4 phases
• Know alignment of earth/moon/sun during phases
• Know where to locate moon in night sky
• Know that the reason we see the moon in phases is
  different from why we see a lunar eclipse.

• Make a model (2-d and 3-d) depicting alignment
• Label accurately
• Write narrative of sequence
• Keep a record of position, time, and phase of
  moon over a month period of time three times
  during the year (fall, winter, spring).
• Keep journal entries with data (night map,
  sketches, times, sky conditions).
• Research local media for information about the
  moon and its phases

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This figure shows the Earth-Moon system looking down on the North Pole of the Earth. The sun, which is not shown, is located towards the bottom of the figure. The first quarter Moon is located at -90 degrees, (position D, above) the full Moon is located at 0 degrees (between positions B and C, above) and the third quarter Moon is located at 90 degrees (position A above).
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• These 4 moon images show how the moon appears
  from Earth from the positions shown in the
  previous slide.

 
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http//www.nasa.gov/audience/forkids/home/CS_What_
Will_Moon_Look_Like.html

• What Will the Moon Look Like Tonight? The moon
  has a lot of different looks. Pick a date. You
  can see what the moon will look like then.
• Click on a date or use the to move the image
  through the phases and match to the date

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Moon Phase Demo

1. Try this little demonstration. You will need a
   lamp and a small ball (like a tennis ball or a
   softball). If the lamp has a shade, take it off.
   Pretend the lamp is the Sun, the ball is the
   Moon, and your head is Earth. Darken the room
   except for the lamp.
2. Now, hold the ball straight out in front of you.
   Stand facing the lamp. The ball will appear dark
   because the lighted side of the ball is facing
   away from you. This position represents the New
   Moon, dark and about to be born.
3. Now, turn just a little tiny bit to your left,
   still holding the ball straight out. You will see
   only a thin lighted crescent on the right side of
   the ball.
4. Now turn to the left a little more until the
   light is on your right. You will see half the
   lighted side of the ball. This position
   represents the First Quarter phase of the Moon.

                                                                                                                                                   
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Images for the Classroom
http//spaceplace.nasa.gov/en/educators/teachers_images.shtml
               On the pages linked below, click on the small image to view the large image. To print a clean copy (without browser information on the page), save the .jpg file (File/Save As) to your disk, and open and print it using any paint program (Photoshop, Windows Paint, PowerPoint, Macpaint, etc.) You can also insert the image file into a word processor, such as MS Word, document. Here are the picture categories Solar System Earth Geography and Mapping Oceans Volcanos Weather Earth's Moon Astronauts Stars, Galaxies, and Nebulae Rockets, Space Shuttles, International Space Station, Rovers
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S6E2. Students will understand the effects of the
relative positions of the earth, moon, and sun.

• b. Explain the alignment of the earth, moon, and
  sun during solar and lunar eclipses.

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Lunar Eclipse
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S6E2. Students will understand the effects of the
relative positions of the earth, moon, and sun.

• c. Relate the tilt of the earth to the
  distribution of sunlight throughout the year and
  its effect on climate.

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Tides and the Moon

• S6E3. Students will recognize the significant
  role of water in earths processes.
• c. Explain the causes of waves, currents, and
  tides.
• http//mbgnet.mobot.org/salt/sandy/indexfr.htm

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Tides

• Tides are the vertical rising and lowering of sea
  level, and are greatly controlled by the
  gravitational pull of the sun and moon. Although
  the sun has a stronger gravitational attraction
  than the moon, the moon's relative nearness to
  the earth makes its gravitational pull more than
  twice as effective as the sun's.

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• What Does the Pull of the Moon Do to the Oceans?
  The gravitational pull of the moon creates two
  types of tides high and low. A tidal bulge
  occurs in the oceans on the side of the earth
  nearest the moon a second tidal bulge occurs on
  the far side of the earth. These bulges are high
  tides. The areas between the tidal bulges
  experience low tide. Usually two high and two low
  tides occur each 24 hours and 50 minutes.

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• Spring Tides And Neap Tides
• When the moon is full or new, the gravitational
  pull of the moon and sun are combined.
• At these times,the high tides are very high and
  the low tides are very low.
• This is known as a spring high tide.

                                                                         

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During the moon's quarter phases the sun and moon
work at right angles, causing the bulges to
cancel each other. The result is a smaller
difference between high and low tides and is
known as a neap tide.