Assessment of Sex Ratio (0-6 yrs.)

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Assessment of Sex Ratio (0-6 yrs.) Perceptions
on PCPNDT

• Akhilesh Bhargava
• Director-SIHFW, Jaipur

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Sex Ratio
Country Sex Ratio
India 933
China 944
USA 1029
Indonesia 1004
Brazil 1025
Pakistan 938
Bangladesh 951
Japan 1041
Russian Fed. 1140
SourceWorld Pop. Prospects, mid year estimates, 1998 SourceWorld Pop. Prospects, mid year estimates, 1998
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Sex Ratio India
Year No. of Females
1901 972
1911 964
1921 955
1931 950
1941 945
1951 946
1961 941
1971 930
1981 934
1991 927
2001 933
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Sex Ratio India (1901-2001)
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Child Sex Ratio(0-6), 2001, Rajasthan
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Sex Ratio (Females per 1000 males) Sex Ratio (Females per 1000 males) Sex Ratio (Females per 1000 males) Sex Ratio (Females per 1000 males) Sex Ratio (Females per 1000 males) Sex Ratio (Females per 1000 males)
Total Population Total Population Child population in the age group 0-6 Child population in the age group 0-6 Population aged 7 and above Population aged 7 and above
1991 2001 1991 2001 1991 2001

India 927 933 945 927 923 935
Rajasthan 910 922 916 909 908 925
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• Study on Sex Ratio assessment
• Awareness on PCPNDT Act
• Conducted by
• SIHFW, Jaipur

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• District Selection criteria Sex Ratio(2001)
• Best Worst
• Sri Ganganagar (-42)
• Jhunjhujunu (-33)
• Alwar (-26)
• Pali (31)
• Jaisalmer (16)

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Sample size
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Respondents
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Respondents2850

• Pvt. clinics 26
• District level 130
• Health. Workers 226
• ANM 40
• ASHA 58
• AWW 78
• LHV 7
• Med. Officers 78
• Govt. 52
• Private 26
• PRI 43

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Observations

• District Authorities
• Collector
• SP
• RCHO
• CMO
• PMO
• BDO
• BPM

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Areas with low sex Ratio

• 26.3 unaware
• 26 said ratio has increased
• 47.4 affirmed increase

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Reasons Increase/ Decrease

• Increase
• Preference for Boys 68
• Decrease
• Govt. schemes for Girls 33

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Knowledge of penalty on misuse of technique in
PCPNDT ActN130

• Penalty
• For Providers 74 -88
• For Users 60-66

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Misuse Whose Responsibility

• 60 of Dist. Authorities hold
• Medical Officers Pregnant woman
• Motivator, and
• Husband / R elative
• Responsible for Misuse of Technique

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Reasons for using USG

• Indications
• Detection of Cong. Anomalies 82
• H/o Multiple Abortions 53
• Contraindications
• Sex Determination 80

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Observations

• Health Workers(N-183)
• LHV
• ANM
• ASHA
• AWW

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• Understanding of referral Criteria 65-87
• Bleeding
• Delay in Delivery
• Placenta expulsion delayed

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• Enquiry by Pregnant Woman on
• Sex determination centre
• ANM 87
• ASHA 100
• LHV 67
• Response to query
• Illegal
• ANM 86
• ASHA 87
• AWW 87

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• Awareness on Declining Sex Ratio 81
• ANM 90
• ASHA 75
• PRI 91
• Responsibility
• Society 50
• Woman 28 5-10 accuse Doctors
• Reasons
• Extension 96
• Economic 80
• Religious 63

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Consequences of declining Sex RatioHealth
workers feel

• Gender Imbalance 96
• Gender violence/ Crime 82

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Reasons for female feticide

• Male 85
• Dowry 70
• Misuse of technique60-80

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Awareness of Act

• Act-80 Aware (AWW-65)
• Appropriate Authority- reasonable understanding
• Undergoing sex determination is punishable
• ANM- 95
• ASHA 93
• AWW 93
• LHV 100
• PRI 97
• A healthy Reflection of awareness

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• Community perception

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Distribution of Respondents by Sex
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Age, sex and urban Rural differential
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of 0-6yr. Children in area2850 Houses, M-2432,
F-2276, SR-935
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Preference of pregnancy outcome

• Households 2850
• Pregnant women 384 (14)
• Preference
• 16.7
• 36.2
• 47

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USG Pregnancy

• Undergone USG 20.1
• Who asked Doctor (53.2)
• Where Govt. facility (52 )
• Private (20)
• Why
• Abnormality 2.6
• Fetal position 15.6
• Age 35 6.5
• Sex Determination 26

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Sex and age of Urban/ Rural respondents
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Societal perceptions and some healthy
observations-male respondents
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Societal perceptions and some healthy
observations-Female respondents
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Why are preferred
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Desire to have Male child and efforts made

• Male
• Rural 10.65
• Urban 8.9 Jhunjhunu tops with 16. 2
  and 12.5
• Female
• Rural 11
• Urban 9.4
• Who do they Contact
• Male Urban Witchcraft/ Ledger man 58
• RMP 23
• Rural 75 25
• Female- Witch craft Urban 100 Rural- 62
• RMP Rural 12.5 62

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Some more Observations

• Rural /Urban, Male/ Female
• Aware of Sex Detection Illegal (R -81,U-90)
• Aware of PCPNDT - (R-50, U-60)
• USG after 2/3 Girls
• Rural - Male/female 15
• Urban Male-20 /Female-18.07
• Gender imbalance leads to Sexual crimes
• M/F, R/U 66-74

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• Society to understand Female Feticide illegal
• R/U, M/F 80
• Boys and Girls are Equal 79-90

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Medical Officers on PCPNDT

• Awareness 100
• Awareness of A/A 85
• Awareness on Penalty 84-90
• Awareness on Committee
• Government 60
• Private 85
• Reasons for decreasing Sex ratio
• Government Society 69
• Doctors 3.8
• Private Society 54
• Doctors 3.8

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PCPNDT Act Some Punctuations

• Availability of Act at the Center
• Government 33
• Private 89
• Display
• Government 57.7
• Private 69.2
• Filling of F Form
• Government PW 7.7
• Private PW 92.3
• Record (2 Yrs )
• Government 3.8
• Private 34.5