Welcome to a Revolution

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(No Transcript)
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Chapter 6The Road to Revolution
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• Throughout this Powerpoint presentation, you will
  be expected to take notes and understand all
  elements that are in red.

Overview of The American Revolution!
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Definitionswrit of assistance allowed British
customs officials to search ships for smuggled
items with no warrant or causeboycott to
stop purchasing a good or using a service as a
response to a perceived wrong.
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• committees of correspondence - were formed
  throughout the colonies as a means of
  coordinating action against Great Britain,
  usually involving letter writing and other forms
  of communication
• repeal the removal or reversal of law.

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• minuteman - a small hand-picked elite force
  which were required to be highly mobile and able
  to assemble quickly. They were selected from
  militia muster rolls by their commanding
  officers. Typically 25 years of age or younger,
  they were chosen for their enthusiasm,
  reliability, and physical strength. The Minutemen
  were the first armed militia to arrive or await a
  battle.
• militia - were men in arms formed to protect
  their towns from foreign invasion and ravages of
  war.

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More Definitions

• Stamp Act
• Boston Massacre
• Townshend Acts
• Quartering Act
• Boston Tea Party
• Intolerable Acts

You will define these from the following slides
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The French and Indian War

• France and England competed for land in America.
• France tried to protect its land by building
  forts in the Ohio River Valley and by befriending
  the Indians.
• The English settlers angered the Indians by
  clearing forests to build farms.

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• A result of the French and Indian War was that
  France lost its lands in both America and Canada
• The Indians were not pleased with the British
  victory and some decided to fight.
• Chief Pontiac successfully fought the British
  because he was able to organize different Indian
  nations.

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The British Fan the Flames!

• The Proclamation of 1763 angered the colonists
  because it stopped them from moving west.
• Britain then decided to tax the colonists to help
  pay for the French and Indian War. Colonists were
  not as upset by the taxes as they were upset that
  they had no voice in the government that was
  forcing them to pay!

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Sugar Act and Stamp Act

• Sugar Act - British taxed sugar and molasses
• Stamp Act - British imposed taxes upon all paper
  products and stamped the item once the tax had
  been paid.

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• The Sons and Daughters of Liberty were organized
  to protest British policies, both peacefully and
  violently.
• The Quartering Act made colonists pay for the
  housing of British soldiers but was, in
  actuality, another form of tax because it saved
  Britain money.

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Various protests
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The Boston Massacre
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• Samuel Adams was an agitator and an organizer
  who helped start a revolution. John Adams was a
  farmer and a lawyer, who helped lead that
  revolution.

http//www.knowledgerush.com/wiki_image/6/63/Samue
lAdamsSmall.jpeg
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• Because of the Quartering Act, English
  soldiers, who were called redcoats because of
  the color of their uniforms, were to be quartered
  in American towns.

http//www2.gpmd.com/image/i/imxs0002.jpg
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• Americans didnt want British redcoats quartered
  in their towns, or even in their country.
• In 1768 the British fleet sailed into Boston
  harbor and unloaded regiment after regiment of
  redcoats.

http//www.bostonmassacre.net/images/british-troop
s-arriving.jpg
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• So when the soldiers arrived in 1768, the
  colonists werent very kind to them. Sometimes
  they threw snowballs or rocks.

At first, the people of Boston wouldnt provide
quarters for the redcoats. So the soldiers set up
tents on the big grassy Boston Common.
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• Most of the English soldiers didnt want to be
  in America anyway. They were poorly paid, and
  many were homesick.

On a freezing March day in 1770, one of the
kings soldiers was looking for work to earn some
extra money. Someone started making fun of him
and told him to get a job cleaning toilets.
http//www.flickr.com/photos/timony/108553670/
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• One thing led to another, and there was a
  fight. Soon a noisy, jeering group of
  troublemakers gathered in front of the Boston
  Custom House.

http//www.authentichistory.com/antebellum/revolut
ion
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• They began pushing and shoving and throwing
  stones at the British sentry. He got knocked down
  and he called for help.

http//declarationsandexclusions.typepad.com/foolb
log/images/pelham_boston_massacre.jpg
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Capt. Thomas Preston came to the rescue with
eight British soldiers. There is some confusion
about what happened next.

• The mob is said to have taunted the redcoats,
  yelling Fire! Fire! Captain Preston is said to
  have yelled, Hold your fire! Then a British
  soldier was hit with a big stick.

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• He claimed he heard the word fire, so he
  fired his gun into the crowd. The street gang
  moved forward the redcoats panicked and fired at
  unarmed people.

Five Americans die, seven were wounded.
http//www.authentichistory.com/antebellum/revolut
ion
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• Samuel Adams made the most of it. He called it
  the Boston Massacre and had Paul Revere engrave a
  picture of the scene.

The picture that Paul Revere chose to etch into
a piece of copper, so it could be printed over
and over again, showed British soldiers firing at
peaceful Boston citizens.
http//www.earlyamerica.com/portraits/samadams.htm
l
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That wasnt the way it had happened Adams and
Revere knew that but the drawing made good
propaganda. It made people furious at the
British.
That drawing was soon seen all over the colonies.
It helped start a war.
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• There is one hero in the story of the Boston
  Massacre, John Adams. John didnt want British
  soldiers in Boston either. But, he was fair and
  he always did what he thought was right.

He believed the redcoats should have a fair
trial. He knew they needed a good lawyer, and he
was one of the best in the colonies.
http//www.americanrevolution.com/ppl_john_adams.h
tml
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• Adams argued that the soldiers had defended
  themselves against an angry mob. A Boston jury
  found six of the soldiers not guilty. Two
  soldiers were found guilty of manslaughter, they
  were branded on their thumbs.

http//www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrals/bo
stonmassacre/scene1a.jpg
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From Bad to Worse The Boston Tea Party!
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• The chief goal of the Tea Act was to raise money
  for the British East India Company which was in
  financial trouble
• The Boston Tea Party was a bold and daring move
  in which the colonists dumped thousands of pounds
  of tea into the harbor in protest of the Tea Act

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Colonists react
No Taxation Without Representation!
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Boston Tea Party

• Lower price on British tea
• Colonists still pay taxes
• Boycotted British tea
• Sons of Liberty dressed in disguise and dumped
  British tea overboard

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• In response to the Boston Tea Party, Parliament
  created the Intolerable Acts which limited town
  meetings to once a year, shut down the port of
  Boston, and established a new Quartering Act. It
  also said that British officers who commit a
  crime would stand trial in Great Britain!

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The Shot Heard Round the World

• The Intolerable Acts angered Americans who formed
  the First Continental Congress. Delegates decided
  to unite against Britain. They agreed to boycott
  British goods, stop exporting American goods to
  England, and form militias.

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First Continental Congress meets in Philadelphia
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• The majority of the colonists were neutral or
  Loyalist. They did not want to leave the Mother
  Country and were happy with the protection of
  the greatest military force in the world.
• For this reason, the Olive Branch Petition was
  sent to King George, reaffirming our loyalty and
  asking that England meet us halfway.
• It was too late though. War was inevitable.

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• Minutemen were busy training throughout
  Massachusetts.
• The British discovered that a large store of arms
  was being hidden in Concord and sent out troops
  to seize them by surprise.
• The Sons of Liberty saw them leave, and Paul
  Revere alerted the countryside.

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Conflict at Lexington and Concord
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• 70 armed minutemen were waiting for the British
  in the town of Lexington outside of Concord.
• The British ordered the minutemen to go home. The
  colonists refused to obey.
• A shot rang out and the troops fired. Eight
  minutemen were killed.

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• When the British troops reached Concord, they
  found that the store of arms had already been
  removed. They headed back to Boston. Now the
  minutemen were waiting for them.
• All along the road from Concord to Boston,
  farmers, blacksmiths, saddle makers, and clerks
  hid behind trees, rocks, and fences.
• By the time the redcoats reached Boston, more
  than 200 were wounded and 73 were dead.

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• Why do people call the first gunshot at Lexington
  the Shot Heard Round the World?

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Second Continental Congress
Representatives brought money to help establish
the Continental Army (i.e. pay soldiers, buy
guns, bullets, food, and uniforms
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independence (n)
declaration (n)
an official statement

• the freedom to govern on ones own.

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Who was involved?

• Benjamin Franklin
• John Adams
• Robert R. Livingston
• Roger Sherman
• Thomas Jefferson was the primary author

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Where did it all take place?

• This is a replica of the Graff house where
  Jefferson wrote the majority of the 1st draft of
  the Declaration of Independence. The original
  building (at this location) was destroyed in
  1888.

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What did it look like?
Who wrote the first draft?
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Who signed it first?
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Parts of the Declaration
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What happened to the men who risked their lives
to sign?
See Word document The Price they paid and
Declaration of Independence The Signing 1776
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What happened after it was signed and where is it
now?
Review and Intro to next unit.