The Reconstruction, Jazz and Depression (1865

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The Reconstruction, Jazz and Depression (1865
1929)Meeting 5
Matakuliah G0862/American Culture and
Society Tahun 2007
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Contents

• The reconstruction after the war
• The prosperity decade (1920 - 1928)
• The Ragtime era Negroes on the spot
• World War I
• The Jazz Age and the Roaring Twenties
• Babe Ruth baseball and Material culture
• The Dust Bowl
• The economic Crash The great Depression 1929

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The reconstruction

• The Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 freed
  African Americans in rebel states, and after the
  Civil War, the Thirteenth Amendment emancipated
  all U.S. slaves wherever they were. As a result,
  the mass of Southern blacks now faced the
  difficulty Northern blacks had confronted--that
  of a free people surrounded by many hostile
  whites. One freedman, Houston Hartsfield
  Holloway, wrote, "For we colored people did not
  know how to be free and the white people did not
  know how to have a free colored person about
  them."

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African American Population Distribution in 1890

• African American population distribution and
  migration patterns can be traced using maps
  published in the statistical atlases prepared by
  the U. S. Census Bureau for each decennial census
  from 1870 to 1920.
• The atlas for the 1890 census includes this map
  showing the percentage of "colored" to the total
  population for each county. Although the heaviest
  concentrations are overwhelmingly in Maryland,
  Virginia, and the southeastern states, there
  appear to be emerging concentrations in the
  northern urban areas (New York City,
  Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Toledo, and
  Chicago), southern Ohio, central Missouri,
  eastern Kansas, and scattered areas in the West
  (Oklahoma, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and
  California), reflecting migration patterns that
  began during Reconstruction.

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Harlem Renaissance

• Harlem Renaissance, an African American cultural
  movement of the 1920s and early 1930s that was
  centered in the Harlem neighborhood of New York
  City. Variously known as the New Negro movement,
  the New Negro Renaissance, and the Negro
  Renaissance, the movement emerged toward the end
  of World War I in 1918, blossomed in the mid- to
  late 1920s, and then faded in the mid-1930s. The
  Harlem Renaissance marked the first time that
  mainstream publishers and critics took African
  American literature seriously and that African
  American literature and arts attracted
  significant attention from the nation at large.
  Although it was primarily a literary movement, it
  was closely related to developments in African
  American music, theater, art, and politics.

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The Ragtime Era

• The Ragtime era was a fast paced transformation
  where the pioneers of the American Dream tapped
  into successes of the self-made man and the music
  of Scott Joplin woke the nation. 
• E.L.  Doctorow's novel Ragtime embraces the "New
  America" -- one that was filled with immigrants
  and those seeking to obtain the promised fortune
  in the land of dreams. 
• Less fortunate people, mostly immigrants, had to
  deal with the pressures of racism and often tried
  to escape the barriers imposed on them by
  society. 
• The issues of immigration and achieving the
  American Dream conflicted as the immigration
  rates rose and society became naturally selective
  about who could and could not achieve the
  idealized American Dream.   

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The Brooklyn Bridge (1900)
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The Brooklyn Bridge (1932)
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The Jazz Age

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The Jazz Age
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Facts about the Jazz Age

• Prohibition and temperance
• Al Capone Organized Crime Chicago
• Charles Charlie Chaplin Silent Movie
• Flappers new culture (Fitzgeralds The Great
  Gatsby)
• African American artists emerge to the public
  Langston Hughes, Louis Satchmo Armstrong, etc.
• Jazz, blues becomes the most popular music in
  America.
• Sacco and Vanzetti trial
• The Monkey Scopes trial
• Freud and the psychology of the unconscious
• The most favorite sports Base Ball

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Baseball
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Babe Ruth
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Babe Ruth and Baseball

• George Herman Ruth, Jr. (February 6, 1895
  August 16, 1948), also known as "Babe", "The
  Great Bambino", "The Sultan of Swat", and "The
  Colossus of Clout", was an American Major League
  baseball player from 1914-1935. He is widely
  regarded as one of the greatest baseball players
  in history. Many polls place him as the number
  one player of all time.
• He helped change baseball from a low-scoring,
  speed dominated game to a high scoring, power
  game. He became the first true American sports
  celebrity superstar whose fame transcended
  baseball. Off the field he was famous for his
  charity, but also was noted for his often
  reckless lifestyle that epitomized the hedonistic
  1920s. Ruth became an American icon, and even
  though he died nearly 60 years ago his name is
  still one of the most famous names in all of
  American sports.

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Jackie Robinson
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The Dust Bowl
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Stock Market Crash 1929