Children Play

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Children Play
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• What is play?
• Identify the different types of play.
• Identify and explain factors affecting the child
  opportunity to play.
• Explore the relevant of play in relation to child
  growth and development.
• What is play therapy?
• Explore and critically reflect the used of play
  therapeutically in the hospital setting.

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What is play ?

• Children are growing up in a rapid changing world
  ? expecting children to know and able to do
  things like adult do.
• Less opportunity for children to play compare to
  the previous generation
• Varieties of games available now, are different
  from those available 10 years ago

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• Play
• A range of voluntary, intrinsically motivated
  activities, personally directed, that are
  associated with pleasure and enjoyment

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• Play consist of amusing, pretend or imaginary
  interpersonal and intrapersonal interactions
• The Convention on the Rights of the Child in
  Article 31
• Parties recognize the right of the child to rest
  and leisure, to engage in play and recreational
  activities appropriate to the age of the child
  and to participate freely in cultural life and
  the art.
• 2. Parties shall respect and promote the right of
  the child to participate fully in cultural and
  artistic life and shall encourage the provision
  of appropriate and equal opportunities for
  cultural, artistic, recreational and leisure
  activities.

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Types of Play

• 1. Motor and Physical Play
• 2. Social Play
• 3. Constructive Play
• 4. Fantasy Play/Pretend Play
• 5. Game with Rules

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• Motor / Physical Play
• Provides opportunity to develop gross and fine
  muscle strength.
• Social Play
• Giving children opportunity to social/interacting
  with others
• Learn social rules, sharing, cooperate, moral
  reasoning
• Help children to prepare towards adult life in
  social situation.

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• Constructive Play
• Children manipulate their environment to create
  things
• Build towers and cities with blocks, play in the
  sand
• Give children opportunity to learn basic
  knowledge about stacking, building, drawing,
  constructing
• Give children a sense of accomplishment and
  empowers them with control of their environment

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• Fantasy Play / Pretend Play
• Children learn to abstract, try out new roles and
  possible situations, to experiment with language
  and emotions
• Develop flexible thinking, create, stretch their
  imaginations, use new words and word combinations
  in a risk free environment
• Use numbers and words to express ideas, concepts,
  dream and histories

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• Games with Rules
• Children progress from an egocentric view to an
  understanding of the importance of social
  contracts and rules

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• Birth to 1 yr old
• Crib gyms
• Floor activity
• Play pan
• Soft dolls or stuffed animals
• Teething toys
• 1 to 3 years old
• Soft blocks
• Push, pull and pop-up toys
• Pounding, shaping, nesting and stacking toys
• Puzzles with knobs
• Cardboard picture books
• Musical instruments

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• 3 to 5 years
• Non toxic art supplies
• Pretend toys
• Simple board games word and matching games
• Puzzles with knob
• Outdoor toys such as a tricycle with a safety
  helmet
• 5 to 9 years old
• Puppets
• Construction toys
• Jigsaw puzzles
• Art and crafts kits
• Jump rope
• Miniature dolls and action figures

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• 9 to 14 years old
• Sports equipment with proper protective gear
• Handheld electronic games
• Board games
• Model science kits
• Playing cards
• Construction sets

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Play Therapy

• A method of psychotherapy with children in which
  a therapist uses a childs fantasies and the
  symbolic meaning of his or her play as a medium
  for understanding and communication with the
  child
• Play is the childs natural means of expression
• A therapeutic method to assist the child in
  coping with emotional stress or trauma
• Used commonly with children aged 3 to 8 years

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• Aim of play therapy decrease behavioral and
  emotional difficulties that interfere
  significantly with a childs normal functioning.
• Found to improve verbal expression, ability for
  self-observation, impulse control, more adaptive
  ways of coping with anxiety and frustration, to
  trust and relate to others
• Used for sexual /physical abuse, neglect, loss of
  a family members, family problems, low self
  esteem, excessive worry etc

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• Recommended items may include
• Manipulative clay, crayons, painting
• Water and sand play
• Toy kitchen appliances, utensils and pans
• Dolls and figures of various sizes
• Toy guns, rubber knives
• Toy cars, boats, soldiers and animals
• Blocks
• Soft toys
• Medical play