Infrared Waves

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Infrared Waves

• By Caroline Ayinon, Deanna Cortina, Jackie Ly,
  and Tatiana Yugay

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Characteristics of Infrared Waves

• Infrared waves lie between microwaves and visible
  waves.

• Wavelength 7.5 x 10-7 to 0.001 Meters
• Shorter Wavelengths
• Near infrared light is not hot at all.
• Waves are about the size of microscopic cells.
• Longer Wavelengths
• Waves are able pass through clouds of dust, water
  vapor.
• Waves are thermal.
• Waves are about the size of a pin head.
• Frequency 8 x 1010 to 4 x 1014 Hertz

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Applications of Infrared Waves
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Astronomy Infrared Telescopes

• Telescopes reveal information about the universe
  which the visible light technology cannot detect.
  
• Objects like the center of our galaxy, which we
  can't see in visible light because dust clouds
  are in the way can be "seen" by looking at the
  infrared light given off.
• Infrared Telescopes are typically placed in high
  and dry areas like the mountains of Hawaii.

Heat

• The higher the temperature, the more rays. If the
  temperature is very high there will be rays of
  visible and infrared light.
• The biggest source of radiation heat is the sun.
  Its infrared radiation heats the earths
  atmosphere.
• There are infrared heaters that are used to treat
  muscle injuries. The heat stimulates blood flow,
  speeding up the heating process.

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Applications of Infrared Waves
Photography Thermography
Warfare Heat Seeking Missiles

• Missiles are sent out to follow their targets
  based on their infrared radiation.

• Thermography is used to determine the relative
  temperature of objects by detecting amounts of
  radiation it produces.
• Thermograms use light sensitive crystals to
  generate electrical information which converts
  into an image.
• Theromography is also a form of night vision.

Meteorology Weather Satellites

• Infrared technology is used to determine water
  temperature, map cloud patterns, and make weather
  predictions.

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Visibility

• Animals
• Snakes in the pit viper family, like
  rattlesnakes, have sensory pits to seek prey.
• Snakes with two sensory pits have depth
  perception in the infrared.
• Flickering tongues of snakes are equipped with
  infrared heat sensors that help with finding warm
  bodies of their prey.

• Technology
• Infrared can be seen through special cameras and
  film that detect the difference in temperature
  and assign different colors to them.

Red arrows point to the pits
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• Humans
• Infrared is an invisible form of energy.
• Humans cannot see infrared light with the naked
  eye, but can feel it as heat.

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History
Discovered by William Herschel, a German born
British musician and self-taught astronomer in
1800.

• He split sunlight using prism into a spectrum of
  visible light.
• He placed a thermometer just outside of the red
  end of color spectrum and there was a large
  temperature increase.
• He noticed that the temperature was high even if
  there was no light. This meant invisible rays
  were also emitted.

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/Dispersive_Prism_Illustration_by_Spigget.jpg
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Facts

• Infrared waves are not dangerous to humans unless
  concentrated in one spot.
• Humans, animals, the Earth, the Sun, stars and
  galaxies and even ice radiate infrared light.
• Infrared Spectroscopy
• The study of how materials respond to exposure
  to infrared light.
• Different materials absorb infrared differently.
• Example
• Glass allows visible light to pass through but
  traps infrared light instead of transmitting it

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Bibliography

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