Breast Cancer in African American Women

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Breast Cancer in African American Women

• By Peggy Kusi and Mercy Frimpong

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What is breast Cancer?

• Cancer is the loss of ability of the bodys cells
  to regulate controlled and orderly growth.
• Breast Cancer is the formation of abnormal cells
  in the breast tissue.

Normal(left)
cancerous
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Disparities

• A health disparity is a health condition or
  disease that is higher for one group than the
  general population.

• African American women have higher mortality rate
  than other women of different races.
• In other words African American women die more
  from breast cancer.

• What is a disparity?

• Why is breast cancer a disparity?

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Why is breast cancer a health disparity in
African AMERICAN WOMEN?

• Studies suggest that this disparity is due to
  African American women being diagnosed with
  breast cancer at a later stage, and receiving
  treatment later after diagnosis
  (http//www.cdc.gov/cancer/healthdisparities/what_
  cdc_is_doing/aamm.htm)
• Black women are more likely to die from this
  cancer more than other races.
• Breast cancer is mostly common in White women but
  African Americans tend to die more from it more.
• Black women have a 37 higher death rate than
  white women.
• The five-year survival rate for breast cancer is
  90 in white women and only 77 for black women.

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Risk factors and Symptoms

• Nipple discharge
• Bone pain
• Breast pain and discomfort
• Skin ulcers
• Swelling of the arm with the side of the
  developing cancer
• Weight loss

• Age
• Weight
• Diet and lifestyle
• Menstrual and Reproductive
• Family and personal history

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Stages of Breast Cancer
stage Size of tumor Lymph nodes have cancer Metastases
0 In situ No No
I lt2cm No No
IIA 2 to 5cm Possible No
IIB 2 to 5 cm gt5cm Yes No No
IIIA gt5 cm but hasnt reached the chest wall Yes No
IIIB gt5cm and may have reached the chest wall or skin Yes No
IV Any size Yes Yes
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diagnosis
Mammogram
Ultrasound
Fine-needle aspiration
Core needle biopsy
Fine-needle aspiration
Excisional biopsy
Incisional biopsy
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Breast cancer INCIDENCE RATE
The graph shows that White women have a higher
screening percentage than Black, Asian, Hispanic.

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Mortality Rate in African American women
Female Breast Cancer Mortality Rates by Race and
Ethnicity in Massachusetts2003-2005
v
v
The graph shows the mortality rate In African
Americans/Black of female breast cancer.
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Mortality Rate
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Factors related to African American women and
mortality rate

• Lack of medical coverage
• Barriers to early detection and screening
• Unequal access to improvements in cancer
  treatment may contribute to the survival rate
  between African American women and White women.

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Treatment

• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy
• Surgery to remove the tumor from the affected
  site

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Prevention

• Eating a healthy diet
• Losing extra weight
• Regular exercise
• Reducing alcohol use
• Quitting smoking

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Ways to decrease the disparity

• Increasing knowledge about breast cancer and
  mammography.
• Increasing awareness
• Increasing awareness of the low or no-cost
  mammogram services.
• Increasing the number of women who get a
  mammogram.

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Breast Cancer awareness and support!!
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Conclusion

• In conclusion African American women have a
  higher mortality rate than the general population
  mainly because of late prognosis
• Ways to help the African American community is to
  educate to community about the awareness of
  breast cancer and the importance of examinations.
  

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Reference

• http//www.cdc.gov/cancer/nbccedp/data/summaries/m
  assachusetts.htm
• http//www.statehealthfacts.org/
• http//www.mass.gov/dph/masschip
• http//www.nationalbreastcancer.org/About-Breast-C
  ancer/Stages.aspx
• http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19320967
• http//www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/dispa
  rities/cancer-health-disparities
• http//www.cancer.org/cancer/breastcancer/detailed
  guide/breast-cancer-what-is-breast-cancer

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Reference(cont)

• http//komen.healthology.com/breast-cancer/article
  3490.htm
• http//www.cdc.gov/cancer/healthdisparities/what_c
  dc_is_doing/aamm.htm
• http//fbhc.org/Patients/BetterHealth/BreastCancer
  /home.html
• http//www.bestiary.com/ibc/
• http//history.nih.gov/exhibits/genetics/sect2d.ht
  m
• http//www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/breastca
  ncer.htm