Identity

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Identity Current Status of Nomadic / Sedentary
Pastoral Tribes

• Presented by
• MARAG
• (Maldhari Rural Action Group)

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PASTORALISM Pastoralists are people who owe
indigenous herd. A community whose main source
of livelihood are livestock rearing as a culture
and in a traditional way with indigenous
knowledge skills. It also includes those who
have been forced out of Pastoralism owing to
wrong policies and development model.
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Living a nomadic life . . .
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Migration
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Migration
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Political
Pre Colonial Colonial Post Independence
Had high important as breeder Social,economical physical exploitation started in some kingdom Close to decision makers due to their indigenous knowledge and skills Lost importance Exploitation ignorance at height Lost interest in governance No where in the political picture Not a worthy community for a politician State atrocity very high Out of political or co-operative movement
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Economical (cont.)
Issue Pre-Colonial Post-Independence
Health Transfer of knowledge Marketing Healthy cattle, at times, mass deaths due to unknown illnesses Women Men Had good indigenous knowledge and skills Milk and other produces were not sold Only excess produces to be sold Poor health of cattle due to lack of water fodder No transfer of indigenous knowledge Increased sale of row milk
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Economical
Issue Pre-Colonial Post-Independence
Herd-size Livestock pattern Grazing practices Breeding practices More than 100 cows, camels CowgtCamelgtGoatgtSheepgt Buffalo Social norms for grazing (when, where, how) Good and sufficient grazing land Janada system Selection of breed, exchange of bull 15 25 animals SheepgtGoatgtBuffalogtCowgtCamel No access and control over CPRs Degraded and declining grazing land. Legal Land grabbing focused on cross breeds, loss of indigenous breeds
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Pastoralism Vs Capitalism

• Living together
• Unity
• Interdependence
• Common Property
• Sharing of Knowledge and resources
• High Ethical values
• Customary Institutions
• Gender equity
• sustainable
• Concept of conservation

• Nuclear living
• Highly competitive
• Dependency/ independent
• Centralization of property
• Copy -Pattern rights,
• Lack of ethical and moral values
• Very strong Patriarchy
• Exploitative life style
• Just Consume

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Major problems experienced by the Pastoralists

• Non-recognition of Pastoral land rights
  Pastoralism
• -No grazing policy - largest live-stock
  in the world
• Incorrect classification of land use by
  government
• Identity crisis (Ration, electoral card, birth
  certificate, own village
• Livelihood threats
• - Reduced Pastures
• - Enclosure of migratory routes
• - Forests enclosure
•       - Expansion of irrigated agriculture,
  green revolution
•      - Breakdown of self governance
• Forced Sedentary life.
• Atrocity against pastoralist (criminal, illegal
  grazer, anti-social).

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Major Problems (Cont.)

•    
• No access to Govt. services
• Non useful animals
• Lack of support for input and output market
• Lack of linkages with outside world and access to
  information
• Urban Pastoralists face severe difficulties as
  they and their settlement are considered a hurdle
  in the development of urban areas

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Pastorlists coming together
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Pastoral in action

• Pastoral Parliament/ PPM
• Jay Maldhari/Pastoral pride
• Land right movement
• Joining hand with other marginalized
• Policy research-advocacy
• Strengthening customary institution
• Direct action to reclaim grazing lands

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Socio-Cultural (Cont.)
Pre Colonial Colonial Post Independence
Dignity of life Strong ethical values Women were part of decision making process in customary institution Traditional Jewelry and clothes showed the richness of culture Lost confidence Degradation of values Women excluded from the formal structure Lost dignity Losing ethical values Women left out of most decision making processes Traditional practices left behind with modernization
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Socio-Cultural
Pre Colonial Colonial Post Independence
Interdependent social status Very strong value based customary leadership (men and women) Tradition to support others beginning of dependence Declining social status Decline of customary institution Dependent on others Lower/No social status Weakening customary institution, plays very limited role only in socio-cultural aspect