Foreign Animal Disease

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Foreign Animal Disease

• Angie Dement
• Extension Associate for Veterinary Medicine
• Texas AgriLife Extension Service
• College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical
  Sciences
• Texas AM System
• College Station, TX 77843
• http//aevm.tamu.edu

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What are Foreign Animal Diseases?

• Disease that is not currently present in the
  United States
• Can be zoonotic

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How can a FAD come into U.S.?

• Natural
• Accidental
• Intentional (bioterrorist act)

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Prevention Methods

• USDA/APHIS
• Inspection at entries
• Quarantine animals and animal products
• Health papers

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Importance of Control

• FEADs are pathogenic contagious
• Easily transmissible
• High exposure
• Susceptible animals
• Devastating losses
• Animal
• economic

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Reportable Diseases

• What are they?
• Diseases not known to be in the US
• Can be diseases that are here but subject to
  eradication and control
• Emerging Animal Diseases

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Foreign Animal Diseases

• Foot and Mouth Disease
• Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)
• Rift Valley Fever
• Exotic Newcastle Disease
• Avian Influenza
• And many, many more

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Foot and Mouth Disease

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Foot and Mouth Disease

• Highly contagious
• Potential to spread rapidly
• People not affected
• Devastating
• Emotionally
• Economically
• Sociologically

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• Susceptible domestic and wild cloven-hoofed
  livestock
• Cattle
• Sheep
• Goats
• Domestic and feral swine
• Deer
• Llamas

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• Transmission
• Aerosol
• wind
• Mechanical
• people, vehicles, animals
• Biological
• movement of infected animals
• uncooked or undercooked meat products

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• If an outbreak occurs
• Restrictions
• Quarantines
• Eradication
• Slaughter of animals
• Proper disposal

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• FMD Outbreak in 2001 in Great Britian
• Delayed response
• 10,472 farms depopulated
• 4 million destroyed to stop disease
• 2.5 million humanely slaughtered
• Over 13 billion

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• Increased risk
• Travelers
• Meat products
• Garbage
• Bioterrorist
• TAHC prohibits feeding meat garbage to swine

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BSE

• Decrease risk
• No ruminants or products from Europe
• USDA regulations
• No ruminant protein as feed
• Downer cattle

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First Line of Defense

• Biosecurity
• Livestock owners
• Early detection and reporting

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Biosecurity Measures

• Wash hands
• Wash disinfect boots
• Wash disinfect trailer
• Wash disinfect tires
• Wash disinfect borrowed equipment
• Proper garbage disposal

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• Lock gates
• Stranger alert
• International visitor gt48 hours wait
• Purchased cattle gt2 weeks isolation, tests
• Routine observations

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• Identify sources
• Raise replacements
• Purchase entries from clean herds
• Test purchased entries
• Vaccinate purchased entries

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• Isolate purchased entries
• Reduce commingling
• Separate carriers/shedders
• Restrict visitor and vehicle entries
• Construct buffer zone fencing

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Who do you contact?

• Texas Animal Health Commission (TAHC)
• 1-800-550-8242
• USDA

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• Questions?
• http//aevm.tamu.edu