Disorders associated with articulation and phonological delay

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Disorders associated with articulation and
phonological delay
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• Neuromuscular disorder (CP)
• Cleft palate (the other CP)
• Apraxia of speech
• Organic disorders
• Ankyloglossia
• Glossectomy
• Tongue thrust
• Hearing loss

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Cerebral palsy

• Disorder of cerebral origin
• Pre-natal, peri-natal, post-natal causes
• Characterized by weakness or paralysis
• Not a disease entity
• Not communicable
• Common speech disorder is dysarthria

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Cleft palate

• Opening (cleft) in the roof of the mouth
  affecting either the soft palate, hard palate,
  alveolar ridge (or combination)
• Surgically repaired between 12-18 months
• Secondary surgeries often necessary
• Hypernasality often a primary characteristic if
  VPI
• Other causes of VPI

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Apraxia of speech

• Acquired apraxia
• Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS)
• Characteristics
• Inconsistent errors
• Groping, searching
• Transpositions
• Prosodic errors

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Organic Disorders

• Glossectomy
• Ankyloglossia (tongue-tie)
• Reverse swallow (tongue thrust)

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Hearing loss

• Articulation disorder affected by
• Type of loss
• Conductive loss vs. sensori-neural loss
• Time of loss
• Congenital or acquired
• Pre-lingual or post-lingual
• Degree of loss

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Assessment of articulation

• Standardized assessment of articulation or
  phonology
• Intelligibility calculation
• Stimulability

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Intervention

• Articulation or phonological approach?
• Single phoneme/pattern or multiple-error
  approach?

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Articulation approaches

• Ear training
• Production training
• Establishment
• Stabilization
• Transfer Carryover
• Maintenance

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Phonological approaches

• Cycles Approach
• Minimal pair therapy