Potable Water and Sanitation Issues in the Aral Sea

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Potable Water and Sanitation Issues in the Aral
Sea

• Ayse Kudat
• The World Bank
• 1998

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RUSSIA
KAZAKHSTAN
UZBEKISTAN
KYRGYZSTAN
CHINA
TURKMENISTAN
TAJIKISTAN
IRAN
AFGHANISTAN
PAKISTAN
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SOURCES OF POTABLE WATER
Piped Water in the House (6.3)
Piped Water in the yard (13.7)
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Sources of Drinking Water by Geographical Area

Percentage of Households
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Main Water Sources for Drinking and Cooking in
Nukus and Urgench
Category other includes well inside yard, well
in neighbors yard, well on the street, hand pump
in the yard, hand pump outside, spring water,
rivers, lakes and ponds, irrigation canal,
delivered water and bottled water.
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Reasons of Dissatisfaction
Urban Areas
Rural Areas
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Households Who Treat Water Before Using It
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Treatment of Vendor Delivered Water
Methods of Treatment Used
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Total Number of Hand Pumps Surveyed
by Geographical Zone
Karakalpakstan
ARAL
Khorezm
Sea
8
7
6
5
Nukus
1
2
4
Urgench
3
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Uses of Hand Pump Water
Hand Pump Usage for Drinking Purposes in
Settlements With and Without Piped Water
Availability of Piped Water Supply in the
Settlements with Hand Pumps
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Hand Pump Water Salinity - Khorezm and
Karakalpakstan
Average 1.918 grams/liter
Hand Pump Water Salinity - in Zones
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Coli Count in Hand Pump Water - Khorezm and
Karakalpakstan
Average 9
Coli Count in Hand Pump Water - in Zones
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Health Problems in Households Depending on Water
Vendors
Distribution of Illnesses
Category other includes cancer, allergies and
injury-related illnesses.
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Total Household Income from Salary/wages by
Geographical Area
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Main Problems in Rural Uzbekistan and
Karakalpakstan

• Lack of Flour

64.7
16.0
8.5

• Lack of Money
• for Food Products

23.0
58.9
5.3
3.1
3.6
12.0
2.7
9.0
25.4

• Water

0.9
4.0
18.0
0.7
4.0
11.9
0.4
1.3
6.8
0.1
1.0
5.8
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Priority Problems in Nukus and Urgench
Category other includes home and housing
problems, dissatisfaction with job and various
problems at the workplace.
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Salinity Tolerance Levels
Salinity of the piped water supply is at an
intermediate level (0.6-1.5g/l)
Salinity of hand pump and hand dug well water is
higher (1.5-2g/l)
...however, salinity of these sources is somewhat
constant throughout the year
Hand pump water consumers can tolerate higher
levels of salinity because of its constant nature
in the ground water
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Women have lower tolerance for salinity in their
water
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Priority Water Supply Improvement Needed in
Urgench and Willingness to Make Monthly Payments
for It
Change Pipes (10) 51.7 sums/month (3.5 of
average income)
Other Improvements (6.6) 120 sums/month (8.1
of average income)
Connection to pipeline (20) 54.8
sums/month (3.7 of average income)
Install a Filter (33.3) 71.4 sums/month (4.87
of average income)
Build a reservoir (6.6) 17.5 sums/month (1.2 of
average income)
Install electric pump (23.3) 45.7
sums/month (3.1 of average income)
Other improvements include increasing the
pressure of water.
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