Unrest grows in Texas

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Unrest grows in Texas

• .and Spanish rule ends

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Hidalgos Revolution
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Causes

• Napoleon kidnaps king of Spain
• Napoleons brother, Joseph, becomes king.
• Revolutionaries were
• small farmers
• Taxes too high many forced into peonage (land
  slavery) to pay debts.
• Middle class and intellectuals
• revolting against Napoleon puppet King.
• Laws unfair restrict best jobs to Spanish-born
  Peninsulares

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Enter Father Hidalgo

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El Grito de Dolores!!!!
His famous call for revolt and political change
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His army does well at first
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Why failure? military

• Hidalgos Army
• 100,000 people.
• Too large to control.
• Few guns, no training.

• Spanish Army
• Smaller- 6,000 men- but organized.
• Well armed and trained.

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Why failure? Politics

• Hidalgo
• Never captured Mexico City.
• Needed money and military supplies from Mexico
  city.
• Hidalgo and Allende captured and executed

• Spain
• Retained capital city.
• Controlled cash, and arsenals.
• Leaders remain in control.

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The legend
Hidalgo was also known as..
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El Zorro!!!!
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Why did Spain neglect Texas?

• Cause
• No gold or silver
• Political center in Mexico City
• Land in California and Mexico more fertile
• Angry Indians

• Effect
• No fortune hunters
• No politicians
• Few ranchers or farmers
• Hard for people to survive

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Gutierrez and Magee

• Dead men tell no taleslive ones get into trouble.

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Who was this Republican Army of the North?

• Filibusters and revolutionaries
• Tejanos
• Spaniards-mostly ex-army types
• American volunteers
• Commanders
• Augustus Magee ex-US Army
• Bernardo Gutierrez de Lara General under Hidalgo

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What they wanted

• Americans
• A free Mexico
• USA-style govt vote for leaders of the
  country.
• Constitution
• Close ties with USA

• Mexicans
• A free Mexico
• Spanish-style govt appoint leaders of the
  country.
• Constitution
• Close ties with ex-Spanish colonies

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What the Republicans did

• Captured major cities in Texas
• (Goliad, Nacogdoches and San Antonio)
• Set up trials courts
• Captured La Bahia
• Defeated Spanish army repeatedly.

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What happened?

• Magee dies
• Gutierrez fired
• Officers changed as policy changed
• This meant no stability for Republican govt.

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Why Republicans lost

• Spanish re-organize
• Republicans surrounded by General Arredondo at
  Battle of Medina
• Most killed

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Pirates

• The myth and the revolutionary

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Three rebellious nations rise up against Spain
Venezuela
Argentina
Republic of Mexico

• What they need most is a navy

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Jean Louis Aury

• 1813 North Carolina privateer raids Spanish ships
• Venezuela will make him a privateer-a legal
  pirate if he represents them
• He does

Only known drawing thought to be Aury
Venezuela-hires both Aury and Lafitte
Aurys personal flag
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Republic of Mexico
Mexican pre-revolution flag

• Aury also gets Commissioned by Republic of Mexico
  as..
• Civil and Military Governor of Texas
• Establishes a privateering base on Galveston
  Island, Texas in 1816.

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While Aury was away
Argentina flag -Aurys

• While Aury away raiding New Spain, Jean Laffite
  takes over the operation at Galveston

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Jean Lafitte

• Smart businessman
• Worked legal system whenever possible
• Avoided killing - it was not smart
• Joined Mexico to act as a privateer made his
  robberies legal
• Fought for USA in War of 1812 - to get his men
  pardoned.

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Then came the Adams Onis Treaty

• Some Americans were not pleased.

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Dr Longs Expeditions

• Futility incarnate.

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Longs rebellions

• Background
• Mississippi Doctor
• Upset with Adams-Onis giving US land away.
• Led Several expeditions
• All failed
• Came to Texas with army and wife- Jane Long.

• He did succeed in
• capturing Nacogdoches.
• Declared Texas a free and independent republic.

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Longs problems

• 3 expeditions
• All failed to free Texas
• Long wanted Jean Lafittes help
• Lafitte refused-
• He said Long did not have enough men.

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Longs fate

• captured and tried in Mexico,
• not imprisoned.
• not allowed to leave Mexico City.
• Accidentally shot and killed.

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Longs legacy

• He was survived by his strongest supporter, who
  had been left to guard their fort at Bolivar
  Point.

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Jane Long

• Followed husband John
• Came with teen-age slave, Kian
• Kept Indians away by bluffing with a cannon.
• Had the first Anglo child in Texas

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Jane Long

• Left when Austin colonists told her husband was
  dead.
• Lived out her days running a hotel .
• Died Dec. 30th,1880

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Freedom for Texas would have to wait

• Until Mexico became free as well.

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