Lab 6: Senses, Suckers, and Catfish

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Lab 6Senses, Suckers, and Catfish
channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)
golden redhorse (Moxostoma erythrurum)
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Four main sensory systems in fish

• Chemoreception olfaction and taste
• Acoustico-lateralis hearing and lat. line
• Electroreception
• Photoreception/vision

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Chemoreception -- olfaction

• Olfaction smell
• Nares
• Used for food detection, orientation, predator
  avoidance

Nare function of american eel (Anguilla anguilla)
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Nares of different fishes

• The of lamellae (folds) usually correlate with
  the ability to smell
• Range from 0 (seahorses) to 230 (porgy).

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Chemoreception Examples

• Salmonid homing adults use nares to detect
  chemical signature of native stream
• Cyprinids, Catostomids use papillae on their lips
• Ictalurids use barbels, note the orientation of
  the barbels
• How do you test these senses.plug or block them!

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Auditory Systems-- Acoustico-lateralis

• Inner ear and otoliths
• Swim bladder and Weberian apparatus
• Lateral Line

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Inner Ear -- Otolith

• Otolith (hard earstone) held in a fluid sac,
  saculus, 3x density
• Hairs inside the sac detect otoliths movement,
  fish moves otolith stays in place cause it is
  more dense
• Also balances the fish in three planes

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Swimbladder and Weberian Apparatus

• Bony connection between swimbladder and inner
  ear,
• Dense water?less dense air causes swim bladder to
  vibrate, the Weberian apparatus transmit
  vibrations to the inner ear.

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Lateral line distant touch

• Neuromast

Hair cells
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Electroreception

• Widespread among fishes.except teleosts
• Freshwater examples gymnotid, electric
  catfishes, African electricfishesthe mormyridae,
  really cool!
• Useful in finding food, especially in turbid
  environments

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Vision

• Most can see color, but more rods then cones
• Rods are much more precise, therefore used to
  detect movement
• Tapetum lucidum, which amplifies the incoming
  light, layer of guanine crystals which glow at
  night.

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Eye orientation determines what a fish can
see.evolutionary consequences
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Eyes of Wisconsin fishes
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Fish Identification Catostomidae and Ictaluridae
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Family Catostomidae -- suckers

• Small family only 68 species but successful
• In North America often most abundant
• Primarily bottom dwellars
• Subterminal mouths, fleshy
• Fins in primitive position
• Two main forms ? Lotic and lentic.?

White sucker (Catastomus commersoni)
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First, what does lotic or lentic mean?
Lotic running water ? streams, rivers
Lentic standing water ? lakes, ponds
How do you remember the difference.?Lotic
Flowing
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Lotic and lentic catostomids
LOTIC
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Lotic and lentic catostomids
carpsucker
carpsucker
LENTIC
smallmouth buffalo (Ictiobus bubalus)
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Lotic and lentic catostomids
Quillback Carpiodes cyprinus
In Betweens
White sucker Catostomus commersoni
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Genus Catostomus

• White sucker (Catostomus commersoni)
• Lips are very papillose (bumpy)

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Genus Moxostoma

• Shorthead redhorse (Moxostoma macrolepidotum)
• Golden redhorse (Moxostoma erythrurum )
• Large scales, larger then Catostomus
• Lower lip formed differently between two species

Golden redhorse (Moxostoma erythrurum)
Shorthead redhorse (Moxostoma macrolepidotum)
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Genus Hypentelium

• Northern hog sucker (Hypentelium nigricans)
• Have indented head
• 3 saddle patches on back

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Genus Carpiodes

• Quillback (Carpiodes cyprinus)
• Have extended ray on dorsal fin
• Subtriangular subopercle

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Genus Ictiobus nevermind

• Smallmouth buffalo (Ictiobus bubalus)
• Looks like a carp with no barbels or spines
• Semicircular Subopercle

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Family Ictaluridae -- Catfishes
Whiskery snout, 1-4 pair of barbels, 1 from
maxillae
Small eyes
Flattened head
Adipose fin
With or without sclaes, some with bony plates
Stout spine from pectoral and dorsal fins
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Catfishes - Armour
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Genus Ameiurus -- bullheads

• Black, yellow, and brown bullheads
• Look at CHIN barbels first, yellow bullhead are
  lighter then black or brown
• Black bullhead all one color, brown are mottled

black bullhead (Ameiurus melas)
brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus)
yellow bullhead (Ameiurus natalis)
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Genus Noturus -- madtoms

• Stonecat Noturus flavus
• Tadpole madtom Noturus gyrinus
• Look at adipose fin and caudal fin, distinct
  adipose are bullheads, connected or almost
  connected are madtoms

Tadpole madtom (Noturus gyrinus)
Stonecat (Noturus flavus)
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Genus Ictalurus

• Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus
• Deeply forked tail

• Channel catfish

• Bullhead