Chapter objectives

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INTRODUCTION

BIOL 2304/2101 Human Anatomy
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Chapter objectives

• 1. Define anatomy and compare the different
  disciplines of anatomy
• 2. Recognize hierarchy of organization and
  relationship between levels atoms, molecules,
  cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism
• 3. Summarize the organ systems and their major
  functions
• 4. Discuss anatomical position
• 5. Identify planes of section of the body
• 6. Understand and correctly use directional terms
• 7. Locate and identify abdominal regions
• 8. Identify body cavities, their subdivisions and
  membranes, as well as major organs found in each

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Anatomy

• anatomy the study of the structural components
  of the body
• cytology the study of the cellular components
  of tissues
• histology and ultrastructure the study of
  microscopic anatomy and the structural components
  (tissues/cells) of the organs that make up the
  body. TEM and SEM provide ultrastructure.
• - embryology the study of development after
  fertilization

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Levels of Structural Organization

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Organ Systems

• Integumentary System (Skin)

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Skeletal System

• Bones and Cartilage Joints and Ligaments

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Muscular System

• Skeletal muscle
• and tendons
• Smooth muscle
• Cardiac muscle

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Nervous System

• CNS
• PNS
• ANS

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Circulatory System

• Blood
• Heart
• Blood vessels
• -arteries
• -veins
• -capillaries

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Lymphatic and Immune System

• Lymph organs
• -lymph nodes/vessels
• -spleen, thymus
• -Peyers patches
• -tonsils
• Lymph (fluid)

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Respiratory System

• nasal cavity
• pharynx
• larynx
• trachea
• bronchi
• bronchioles
• lungs

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Digestive System

• mouth, salivary glands,
• teeth, tongue
• esophagus
• stomach
• accessory organs
• enteric NS
• small Intestines
• large intestines
• rectum
• anus

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Urinary System

• kidneys
• ureters
• bladder
• urethra

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Male Reproductive System

• testes
• epididymis
• spermatic cord
• accessory glands
• prostate
• seminal vesicles
• bulbourethral
• mons pubis
• penis

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Female Reproductive System

• ovaries
• fallopian tubes
• uterus
• vagina
• clitoris
• mons pubis
• mammary glands

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Endocrine System

• hypothalamus
• pituitary
• thyroid
• parathyroid
• adrenal glands
• pancreas
• testes/ovaries
• pineal
• thymus

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Anatomical Position

• Body facing forward, arms at side with palms
• facing forward.

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Body Planes

• Mid-Sagittal
• Frontal/ Coronal
• Transverse
• Oblique

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Anatomical Terminology 1

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Anatomical Terminology 2

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Anatomical Terminology 3

• Body Cavities

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Anatomical Terminology 4a

• Body Membranes
• Serous
• -Pleura
• visceral
• parietal

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Anatomical Terminology 4b

• Body Membranes
• Serous
• -Pericardium
• visceral
• parietal

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Anatomical Terminology 5
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Anatomical Terminology 6

• Abdominal regions

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Anatomical terminology 7

• Abdominal cavity
• Abdominopelvic
• cavity

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Anatomical Terminology 8

• Thoracic cavity-mid sagittal plane

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Anatomical Terminology 9