Eliminate the Guesswork!

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CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY

• Eliminate the Guesswork!

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TRAC III PRODUCTION LOG

• PRODUCTION
• LOGGING
• SCHOOL

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Trac III Production Logs

• Background
• Need to obtain production information from wells
  with rod pumps
• Stabilized producing conditions
• Convey tools to the production zone, (rod string
  blocked the production tubing)
• Enter the well in the tubing annulus
• Very small logging tools due to clearance
  constraints
• 7/8 diameter production logging tools

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Trac III Production Logs

• Dynamic, producing (e.g., actual or "real-time")
  conditions.
• Temperature log.
• Capacitance log.
• Radioactive tracer log.
• All logs can be run simultaneously during one
  trip in the well.
• 5 1/2 inch casing and 2 7/8 inch tubing.
• 4 1/2 inch casing and 2 3/8 inch tubing.

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Trac III Production Logs

• Positive monitoring of reservoir performance .
• Detailed, zone-by-zone, information.
• Changes in the down-hole conditions detected.
• Reevaluate marginal production wells.
• Rework watered-out or gassed-out wells.
• Recompletion of unproductive offset wells.
• Essential guidance for remedial-workover designs.
• Cost-effective well recompletions.

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Trac III Production Logs

• Improved completion techniques for future wells.
  
• Immediate verification of perforation efficiency
  .
• Positive identification of the actual production
  intervals.
• Confirmation of open hole log analysis and
  assumptions used in the initial completion.
• Pinpoint mechanical problems.

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Trac III Production Logs

• Document baseline production profile for future
  reference.
• Optimize pump placement.
• Discover unwanted water sources for remedial
  procedures.
• Correlate production results with injection
  profiles for sweep efficiency of floods.
• Confirm engineering and geological assumptions
  and analysis.

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Trac III Production Logs

• Verify stimulation job effectiveness and
  techniques.
• Plan accurate placement of mechanical isolation
  tools (bridge plugs and packers.)
• Locate thief zones and undesirable cross-flows.
• Real-time snap shot of production well.

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TRAC IIIPRODUCTION LOGS
TRAC-III Logs A. Annulus Logging with 7/8 O.D.
Tools. B. Flowing Wells C. Y Tool
Submersible Pump (7/8 Tools). D. Memory PLT
(Horizontal Applications).
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Annulus TRAC-III Production Logging With 7/8
O.D. Tools
Tracer Velocities Temperature Logs Collar
Locator Gamma Ray Capacitance Pressure Caliper
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Annulus Logging Candidates
4.5 Casing 2.375 Tubing
5.5 Casing 2.875 Tubing
Or any combination of larger casing and smaller
tubing.
No liners or other restrictions in the annulus.
ROT 100 BPD of produced fluids.
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7/8 O.D. Tools
Rope Socket (15" - 5/8" fishing
neck) Capacitance Tool (40") Caliper (69") Collar
Locator (28.5") Scintillation Gamma Ray Detector
(60") Microprocessor Controlled Ejector
(75.5") Temperature Tool (37") Memory Pressure
Gauge (14) Total Tool Length with crossovers
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Trac III Production Log - Tools

• Collar Locator - 7/8" O. D. by 28" in length.
• Magnet coil assembly measures changes in metal
  thickness.
• Capacitance - 7/8" O. D. by 40" length.
• Electrically is a capacitor.
• Insulated probe functions as one plate.
• Tool housing as the opposite plate.
• Various materials passing between the plates have
  different dielectric properties that change the
  total capacitance of the circuit.

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Capacitance Tool - Parallel Plates
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Trac III Production Log - Tools

• In most instances, a 3 or more oil cut is
  necessary before a noticeable change in the
  capacitance is registered. This 3 threshold
  varies with the salinity of the water and the
  gravity of the oil.

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Trac III Production Log - Tools

• Temperature Tool - 7/8" O. D. by 37" in length.
• Accuracy approaching 0.1 degrees Fahrenheit
• Linearity and repeatability.
• Temperature stability.
• Critical for channel detection and other
  applications.

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Trac III Production Log - Tools

• Components
• Platinum Resistor Temperature Detector (RTD)
• Stable crystal oscillator
• serves as an accurate, drift-free frequency
  reference in the tool electronics.
• Individually calibrated in a total immersion oil
  bath
• Shock and vibration protection
• Continuous operation at rated temperature.
• Three-day burn-in at maximum rated temperature

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Trac III Production Log - Tools

• Caliper - 7/8" O. D. by 68" in length.
• Three 9. 5" arms
• Capable of measuring the I. D. of a hole up to
  approximately 14" in diameter.
• 7/8 O.D. when arms retracted
• Surface controlled actuation.

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Trac III Production Log - Tools

• Ejector - 7/8" O. D. by 74" in length.
• Digitally controlled.
• Motorized plunger / pressure chamber
• O-ring sealed exhaust port
• Consistently eject selected slugs from 0.1 cc to
  a full 20 cc.
• Detector - 7/8" O. D. by 60" in length.
• Scintillation type.
• Sodium iodine crystal.
• Photo multiplier.

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Trac III Production Log - Tools

• Signal telemetry
• Pulse encoding
• Data decoded using DSP technology
• Data are logged to the hard drive in real time.
• Simultaneously available for viewing.
• Logging passes scaled in either axis.
• Multiple passes merged as required.
• Merged passes linked with other data.

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Trac III Production Log - Preparation

• Collar Log Gamma Ray log for depth correlation
• Current Production rates Water, Oil Gas
• Current well bore sketch and detailed depths of
  perforations, pump, liner tops, etc.
• Recent History of production.
• Known effects of remedial work over or water
  flood.
• Well performances vs. Lease performance.

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Annulus TRAC-III Preparation

• Pull Tubing
• Remove Anchor
• Set Pump 100 above Perfs
• Dual Completion Flange
• Small Pumping Tee
• Slimline Stuffing Box
• Remove Bridal Guard
• Vertical Clearance Above Annulus Opening

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Dual Completion Flange
Top View
Side View
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Hand Packoffs
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Dual Head Configured Pump Is Engaged
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4.5 Casing 2.375 Tubing
Note that there is not enough room to install a
valve on the annulus opening. These flanges are
specifically designed for logging in 4.5 casing.
A dual completion flange, if there is such,
would not allow enough room in the annulus for
tool entry.
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Production Logging Tidbits
There are no silver bullets in the production
logging industry.
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Production Logging Tidbits
Production logging is an investigative process.
It requires the knowledge, experience, and
authority to change the logging procedure as
needed to define anomalies as they are
encountered during the log.
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Production Logging Tidbits
Avoid the intentional design of tests that rely
completely on nuclear based data acquisition.
Their maximum radius of investigation is
approximately 24 inches from the sensor.
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Production Logging Tidbits
In production logging, temperature logs are the
center of your universe.
They are always correct, although sometimes hard
to interpret by themselves.
Use data acquired from others sensors to help you
interpret the temperature logs.
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!We Want You On Location!

• Production logging is an investigative process
• Your knowledge of the lease can make the
  difference between a good survey and a great
  survey

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Correlation Logs
Logs used to align logging depths to previously
run open hole and cased hole logs. Avoid the LAST
LOG SYNDROME. It is generally acceptable for
most production logs to be within 2 to 3 feet of
measured depth. However, if you are on the 4th
or 5th generation of logs, you may be correlating
10 to 15 off depth. Always try to use the
original open hole logs or the logs used to
perforate the well.
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Temperature Logs
Producing temperature logs tend to reflect in
wellbore and near wellbore events. Shut-in
temperature logs indicate events outside the
wellbore. You must know the status of the
interior of the wellbore before you can interpret
shut-in temperatures.
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Capacitance

• Fluid Identification
• Calibrate between water and gas.
• Capacitance VS. Density Tool

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Tracer Velocities
Modified Velocity Profile Measurement Production
fluctuations do not affect the calculations as
severely as stationary velocity shots. Same
velocity method is used in flowing wells.
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Tracer Velocities
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Velocity Profile

• Pi x r2 x h Volume of a cylinder
• Pros
• High resolution of data points
• Limited by the spacing from ejector to detector
• Cons
• Minor plant fluctuations effect calculated rates
• I.D. changes have a drastic effect on the
  calculated rates

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Calculations and InterpretationsVolumetric Flow
Rates

• Volume PI x Dia2 / 4 L
• Volumetric Flow Vol / Time

Diameter
Length
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Caliper Log
Log Interpretation
Intensity Profile
Velocity Profile
Temperature Logs
Channel Check
No Flow Shot
Crossflow Check
http//www.cardinalsurveys.com
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Merged Log
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TRAC-III Below Submersible Pump Y-Tool Assembly

• Well must have 7 casing to accommodate Y-tool.
• Shut-in well allow fluid to fall below pump
• Fish out plug

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TRAC-III Below Submersible Pump Y-Tool Assembly

• Install running plug on wireline
• Lower TRAC-III Tools Running Plug to Y
• Lower TRAC-III Tools below pump
• Engage pump to seat running plug
• Run logs when well is stable

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Y-Tool Accessories For Logging
Baby Red
Running Plug
Used to retrieve plug from Y-tool.
Prevents fluids from being circulated by pump.
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Memory PLT

• Horizontal wells are the primary application in
  the Permian Basin.
• No real time feedback allowing procedure
  modification to maximize information.
• Most wellbore events in producers are not
  continuous. Your economics must reflect the
  possibility of multiple runs to accomplish some
  test objectives.
• Most companies that have access to memory tools
  do not consider production logging a core
  business.
• Great weapon, for the right battle!

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TRAC III PRODUCTION LOG

• PRODUCTION
• LOGGING
• SCHOOL

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CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY

• Eliminate the Guesswork!

49
TRAC III PRODUCTION LOG

• The End