Anatomy of female reproductive system

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Anatomy of female reproductive system

• Zhao Aimin

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Bony pelvis

• Sacrum(??)
• Coccyx(??)
• Coxae(??)
• Ilium(??)
• Ischium(??)
• Pubis(??)

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Pelvis
Falase pelvis (major)
True pelvis (minor)
Sacrum and coccyx posteriorly Ischium and pubis
bilaterally and anteriorly
To surport the pregnancy Bounded by lumbar
vertebrae posteriorly, iliac fossa
bilaterally abdominal wall anteriorly
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The pelvis plane

• Four planes
• The pelvic inlet the greatest
• The midplanethe least
• The pelvic outlet(two planes)

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Pelvic inlet

• Posteriorly by promontory of sacrum
• Bilaterally by linea of iliac-pubis
• Anteriorly by superior surface of pubis

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midplane

• Anteriorly by the lower border of pubis
• Bilaterally by ischial spines
• is very important clinically
• because arrest of fetal descent occurs most
  frequently

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outlet

• Irregular
• Consisting of two triangles
• It is bounded by
• Posteriorly the tip of sacrum
• Laterally ischial tuberosities
• sacrotuberous ligaments
• Anteriorlythe lower border of pubis symphysis

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Type of female pelvis

• Gyecoid type
• 52-58.9
• Platypelloid type
• 23.2-29
• Anthropoid type
• 14.2-18
• Android type
• 1-3.7

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External genital organs

• mons pubis fatty tissue
• labia majora
• labia minora which lie inside the labia majora
• clitoris is located anterior to the labia minora

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Vestibule(??)

• Lies between the labia minora
• Is bounded
• Anteriorly by clitoris
• Posteriorly by perineum
• Urethra and vaginal orifice open to the midline
  of the vestibule
• Bartholins glands also empty into the vestibule

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Internal genital organs

• Vagina(??)
• an organ for coitus
• a drainage of menstrual flow
• a passage for childbirth
• posterior wall 10cm,anterior wall 7.5cm

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• Fornix the area arounded the cervix
• (anterior,posterior,lateral)
• the posterior fornix is important pouch which
  allows access to the peritoneal cavity from
  vagina

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• The vagial wall is consisted of
• Mucouse membrance is lined by squamous
• Beneath this is a submucosal layer of connective
  tissue which contains a rich of veins and
  lymphatics
• The muscular wall has three layers of smooth
  muscle.

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Uterus(??)

• Lies between rectum and bladder
• Volume 753cm
• Weight 50g
• Divided into two portions by isthmus
• The body
• Cornuwhere the fallopians enter
• Fundusthe part of the body above the cornu

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The uterus is surported by the following ligaments

• Round ligament
• Broad ligament
• Cardinal ligament
• Utero-sacral ligament

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Histology of uterus

• There are three layers of the body
• The inner is endometrium which is consisted of
  the simple columnar epithelium
• Beneath the mucosa is the muscular layer,covered
  by peritoneal serosa

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Fallopian tubes

• Length 8-14cm
• The tube is divided four portions
• Interstitial
• isthmun
• Ampullathe centre portion
• Infundibulumsurround the ovary and help to
  collect the oocyte at the time of ovulation

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• The innner layer is covered by ciliate columnar
  epitheliun
• The cilia beat toward the uterus assisting in
  oocyte transport

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ovaries

• Be located on either side of the uterus
• Volume431cm
• Weight5-6g
• be almond-shaped
• Is divided two portion
• cortex(outer portion) contains amount of
  
• 
  follicles
• medulla(central portion) blood vessels,
  
• 
  nerve fibres,
• 
  lymphatics

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Arterial system

• Ovarian artery from abdominal aorta (left may be
  from kedney artery
• Uterine artery
• Vaginal artery
• Internal pudendal artery from internal iliac
  artery

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Arterial system

• Ovarian arteries from abdominal aorta
• (left may be from
  kedney
• artery
• Uterine