Using Alcohol and Other Drugs

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Using Alcohol and Other Drugs

• Classifying Drugs

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Psychoactive Drugs

• Chemical substances that serve to alter mood,
  thought processes and/or behavior.
• Substances used to manage illness.

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Classifying Drugs

• Therapeutic vs. Non-therapeutic
• Legal vs. Illegal
• Recreational vs. medicinal
• Mechanism of action
• Behavioral Effects

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Classifying Drugs

• Ultimately as practiced the classification of
  drugs is political/social as much as it is
  scientific.
• Two main classifications
• Scheduling
• Behavioral Effects

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Drug Schedule

• Current schedule system has 5 schedules based on
• Safety
• Medical Use
• Abuse Potential

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Schedule I

• Includes heroin, LSD, and marijuana
• The drug or other substance has a high potential
  for abuse.
• The drug or other substance has no currently
  accepted medical use in treatment in the United
  States.
• There is a lack of accepted safety for use of the
  drug or other substance under medical
  supervision.

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Schedule II

• Includes morphine, used as a pain-killer, and
  cocaine, used as a topical anesthetic
• The drug or other substance has a high potential
  for abuse.
• The drug or other substance has a currently
  accepted medical use in treatment in the United
  States or a currently accepted medical use with
  severe restrictions.
• Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to
  severe psychological or physical dependence.

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Schedule III

• Includes anabolic steroids and Marinol.
• The drug or other substance has a potential for
  abuse less than the drugs or other substances in
  Schedules I and II.
• The drug or other substance has a currently
  accepted medical use in treatment in the United
  States.
• Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to
  moderate or low physical dependence or high
  psychological dependence.

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Schedule IV

• Includes Valium and other tranquilizers
• The drug or other substance has a low potential
  for abuse relative to the drugs or other
  substances in Schedule III.
• The drug or other substance has a currently
  accepted medical use in treatment in the United
  States.
• Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to
  limited physical dependence or psychological
  dependence relative to the drugs or other
  substances in Schedule III.

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Schedule V

• Includes codeine-containing analgesics.
• The drug or other substance has a low potential
  for abuse relative to the drugs or other
  substances in Schedule IV.
• The drug or other substance has a currently
  accepted medical use in treatment in the United
  States..
• Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to
  limited physical dependence or psychological
  dependence relative to the drugs or other
  substances in Schedule IV.

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Behavioral Effects Classification

• Classified by effects on behavior and/or central
  nervous system
• Depressants
• Stimulants
• Opiates
• Psychedelics

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Stimulants

• Stimulate CNS leading to increases in
  physiological processes and motor behavior
• Cocaine Illegal, Therapeutic
• Amphetamine Illegal, Therapeutic
• Caffeine Legal, Non-therapeutic
• Nicotine Lgal, Non-therapeutic

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Depressants

• Depress CNS activity leading to decreased
  physiological activity and sedation
• Alcohol Legal, Non-therapeutic
• Barbiturates, Legal, Therapeutic
• Benzodiazepines Legal, Therapeutic

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Opiates

• Act as agonists on endorphin and enkephalin
  receptors leading to pain suppression, feelings
  of euphoria, well-being, and respiratory
  depression
• Heroin Illegal, Therapeutic
• Codeine Legal, Therapeutic
• Morhphine Legal, Therapeutic
• Vicodan, Percocet, etc. Legal, Therapeutic

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Psychedelcis

• Alter mood state and perception via action on the
  CNS. Group by convenience. All illegal some
  with therapeutic use.
• Marijuana (THC)
• LSD (acid)
• Psylocybin (mushrooms)
• Phencycledine (PCP)