Modern Architecture: The 20th Century

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Modern ArchitectureThe 20th Century
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Architecture in the 20th Century

• Advancement in industrial materials and
  engineering created unprecedented new forms of
  architecture

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GERRIT THOMAS RIETVELD, Schröder House, Utrecht,
the Netherlands, 1924.
-De Stijl in architectural format! -De Stijl
started in Holland but moves across the world and
is then called The International Style popular
from 1920s-1950s -Flat, rectangular planes,
straight lines -Sleek design with function
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WALTER GROPIUS, Shop Block, the Bauhaus, Dessau,
Germany, 19251926.-Resembles a glass box,
lacked permanent interior walls-Hitler gains
power, closes it and demolishes it (anti-modern)
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THE BAUHAUS

• School of Design in Germany, which taught the
  International Style
• Founder, Walter Gropius (1919-1928)school built
  to UNITE FINE AND APPLIED ARTS in what he called
  NEW ARCHITECTURE
• They learned designing buildings but ALSO oil
  painting, lithographyweaving, stained-glass
  windows, book making, and tapestries.
• He did away with architectural history! (did not
  want to stifle creativity)
• According to Gropius, architecture should avoid
  references to the past

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LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE, model for a glass
skyscraper, Berlin, Germany, 1922 (no longer
extant).-One of the leading figures of The
International Style-New Director of the Bauhaus
when Gropius left- LESS IS MORE!-Lacks
exterior ornamentation-Basic geometric shapes
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LE CORBUSIER, Villa Savoye, Poissy-sur-Seine,
France, 1929.
In addition to all things International, also
maximized space -PURISM pure geometry READ
about me PAGE 1101!!!
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FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum,
New York, 1943-1959.-modernist style (smooth
lines/form and function), Ascending spiral, light
pours through ceiling (Hagia Sophia).
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LE CORBUSIER, Notre Dame du Haut, Ronchamp,
France, 19501955.
-Its Modernist! Its a church! -Hands in prayer
or a dove -small, stained-glass windows that
resemble Mondrian
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LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE and PHILIP JOHNSON,
Seagram Building, New York, 1956-1958. -Works
with American Arch.-skyscraper (min.
490)-shades are made on purpose not to ruin the
design-steel frames, reinforced concrete, etc.
This makes the use of glass work.
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RICHARD ROGERS and RENZO PIANO, Georges Pompidou
National Center of Art and Culture, Paris,
France, 1977.
-Multipurpose use -Turned inside out
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FRANK GEHRY, Guggenheim Bilbao Museo, Bilbao,
Spain, 1997.
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Frank Gehry, Disney Hall, Downtown Los Angeles,
1999-2003